Effect Of Hydrogen Sulfide Stress On Growth And Immune Performance Of Weaning Piglets

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of hydrogen sulfide on the growth performance,immune performance and intestinal environment of weaned piglets,and to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the mechanism of hydrogen sulfide damage to piglets.A total of 24 weaned piglets at 35days of age weighing 11.25±1.01kg were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 6 replicates in each group,half male and half female,as well as placed in an environmental control warehouse with hydrogen sulfide content of 0,5,10,15 mg/m~3 respectively.The trail lasted for 28 days after 7 days of pre-expriment.The results showed as follows:(1)Different concentrations of hydrogen sulfide had significant differences in daily feed intake and daily gain of weaned piglets.The daily weight gain decreased with the increase of hydrogen sulfide concentration,and the 5mg/m~3group,10 mg/m~3group and 15 mg/m~3 group were lower than the test results.The control group(P<0.01);the daily feed intake decreased with the increase of hydrogen sulfide concentration,5 mg/m~3 group was lower than the control group(P>0.05),10 mg/m~3group,15 mg/m~3group were lower than the control group(P<0.01);feed weight gain ratio The results were higher than the control group,and the difference between the 5 mg/m~3group and the 15 mg/m~3 group was extremely significant(P<0.01).(2)Different concentrations of hydrogen sulfide significantly reduced the apparent digestibility of CP in feed of weaned piglets(P<0.05);the apparent digestibility of CF and EE in each experimental group was lower than that of the control group,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05);the apparent digestibility of Ca and P in the three experimental groups decreased by 0.7%(P>0.05)and 1.6%(P>0.05),respectively.The apparent digestibility of GE in test 2 and 3 groups was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).(3)The effects of different concentrations of hydrogen sulfide on intestinal microflora of weaned piglets,and there were significant differences in intestinal microbial species diversity in the treatment group.The level of cecal door:the thick-walled bacteria decreased,the content of Bacteroidetes increased;the content of pathogenic bacteria such as Proteobacteria,Softwalled bacteria,and Helicobacter species increased.Genus level:the rumen genus and Clostridium were significantly increased in the treatment groups;the Prevotellaceae genus was significantly reduced.The level of jejunum gate:the thick-walled bacteria increased,the content of Bacteroidetes decreased;the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes increased.The 10 mg/m~3group had the highest content of Clostridium.Acromonas,Clostridiales,Acidaminococcaceae were screened in the cecum,and Selenomonas were screened in the jejunum,all of which were associated with intestinal damage.Compared with the control group,it was statistically different and can be used as a biomarker for hydrogen sulfide damage(Biomarker).(4)There were significant differences in the levels of immunoglobulin in the serum of weaned piglets with different concentrations of hydrogen sulfide.Among them,the serum IgA content in the 15ppm group was significantly decreased(P<0.05);the IgG and IgM content in the treatment groups decreased(P>0.05).(5)Different concentrations of hydrogen sulfide had significant differences in serum inflammatory factors content in weaned piglets,and IL-2 and IL-4 levels had no significant effect(P>0.05).The IL-2 level in the treatment group were slightly lower than that in the control group.Compared with the control group,IL-4 and IL-6 levels were significantly higher than those in the 15ppm group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,TNF-?increased first and then increased with the concentration.There was no significant difference(P>0.05).(6)The differences in antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets with different concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were significant.Compared with the control group,the MDA content in the treatment group was increased,which was significantly different from that in the 15 mg/m~3 group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the treatment groups SOD The content were decreased,and the difference was extremely significant from the 10 mg/m~3 group(P<0.01).(7)The effects of different concentrations of hydrogen sulfide on the serum apoptotic factors in weaned piglets were significant.The BAX content of each treatment group decreased,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,each treatment The content of Bcl-2 increased significantly in the 10 mg/m~3 and 15 mg/m~3 groups(P<0.05).The contents of Caspase3,Caspase8 and Caspase9 decreased in each experimental group,and the Caspase8 in the 15mg/m~3 group was significantly different from the control group(P<0.05);10 mg/m~3 The Caspase9 group was significantly decreased compared with the control group(P<0.05).In summary:hydrogen sulfide treatment results in decreased feed intake,increased feed-to-weight ratio,decreased nutrient digestibility,and decreased growth rate of weaned piglets;decreased levels of immunoglobulin IgA,IgG,and IgM;significant levels of pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 The level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-4 decreased,the content of apoptotic cytokines BAX,Caspase3,Caspase8,Caspase9 decreased,the content of Bcl-2 increased,the immune performance was impaired,the intestinal flora was imbalanced,and the proportion of harmful bacteria increased.