| Paecilomyces hepiali is sweet and warm in nature,which belongs to the lung and kidney channel.It has the function of reinforcing vital essence.Paecilomyces hepiali Chen & Dai is Ascomycota,Eurotiomycetes,Eurotiales,Moniliaceae,Paecilomyces Bain.It is an asexual strain isolated from Cordyceps sinensis.It has the similar chemical and nutritional components and pharmacological effects with natural Cordyceps sinensis.At present,the mycelial fermentation products produced by Paecilomyces hepiali industrialized fermentation has obtained the national new drug certificate and are listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.In this paper,macroscopic and microscopic identification of raw material soybean for preparing Paecilomyces hepiali culture medium soybean meal was carried out.There are differences in macromorphology of bean umbilical color,Grain diameter,hundred-grain weight,etc among different soybean varieties.Soybean seeds are divided into two parts,the seedcoat and the cotyledon.The seedcoat consists of five parts: the epidermal layer,the palisade layer,the drip layer,the parenchymatous layer,the lower epidermis layer.The cotyledon occupy most of the grain volume and consist of round-shaped parenchyma cells ranging from small to large.There were significant differences in nutrient contents among different soybean varieties,the highest crude protein content is Ji Nong 33,followed by Ji Nong 36 and Ji Nong 48;the highest crude fat content was Jiangxi 655,followed by Jiangxi 1978 and Jiangxi 686;the highest calcium content was Jinong 18,followed by Jinong 51 and Jinong 29;The highest magnesium content is Jinong 33,followed by Jiangxi 655 and Jinong 48;the highest copper content is Jinong 48,followed by Jinong 71 and Jinong 45;the highest zinc content is Jinong 45,followed by Jinong 33 and Jinong 38 soybeans;the highest iron content is Jinong 29,followed by Jinong 71 and Jinong 45;the highest manganese content is Jinong 45,followed by Jinong 28 and Jinong 51.The highest content of total isoflavones was Jinong 45,followed by Jinong 51 and Jinong 48.The results showed that the method of methanol Soxhlet extraction greatly improves the extraction rate of total isoflavones in soybean.In order to standardize the residues of heavy metals and pesticides in raw material soybean,a GC-MS/MS method was established for simultaneous detection of acetochlor,dimethazone,2,4D-butyl ester,paclobutrazol,fenvalerate,dichlorvos,dimethoate in soybean production.The method was sensitive and reliable,and the pesticide residues in 10 soybean samples had not overproof.There were 6 kinds of chromium overproof,1 kind of lead overproof,1 kind of cadmium overproof and arsenic and mercury not overproof among 10 kinds of soybean when heavy metals were detected.Therefore,more attention should be paid to the problem of excessive heavy metals to ensure the safety of the fermentation products of Paecilomyces hepiali in the screening of the raw materials of the medium.At the same time,the nutrient content of soybean meal processed from different varieties of soybeans was determined,and there were significant differences between them.The highest crude protein content was soybean meal 36,followed by soybean meal 33 and soybean meal 71;the highest crude fat content was soybean meal 71,followed by soybean meal 48 and soybean meal 33;the highest calcium content was soybean meal 45,followed by soybean meal 18 and soybean meal 48;the highest magnesium content was soybean meal 18,followed by soybean meal 51 and soybean meal 71;the highest copper content was soybean meal 38,followed by soybean meal 36 and soybean meal 48.The highest content of zinc was soybean meal 38,followed by soybean meal 48 and soybean meal 51;the highest content of iron was soybean meal 38,followed by soybean meal 29 and soybean meal 18;the highest content of manganese was soybean meal 28,followed by soybean meal 51 and soybean meal 48;the highest content of total isoflavones was soybean meal 51,followed by soybean meal 18 and soybean meal 28.Paecilomyces hepiali was cultured by liquid fermentation with different kinds of soybean meal medium.Its hyphae was transparent,colony was white,and could overgrew the PDA medium for 20 days,when cultured in liquid medium,no bacterial balls were produced.The research enriched the biological characteristics content of Paecilomyces hepiali.There were significant differences between biomass and active ingredient content of fermentation products.The highest biomass was Jinong 33 culture product,followed by Jinong 38 culture product and Jinong 18 culture product;the highest ergosterol content was Jinong 29 culture product,followed by Jinong 36 culture product and Jinong 51 culture product;the highest adenosine content was Jinong 18 culture product,followed by Jinong 29 culture product and Jinong 45 culture product;the highest adenine content was Jinong 29 culture product and Jinong 45 culture product Jinong 38 culture products,followed by Jinong 29 culture products,Jinong 36 culture products;the highest cordycepin is Jinong 48 culture products,followed by Jinong 45 culture products,Jinong 36 culture products.The correlation between the content of nutrients in raw and unprocessed soybean and soybean meal and the yield and effective substance content of the fermentation product was analyzed by Pearson relative analy.The results showed that nutritional component content of the soybean meal prepared from different soybean varieties had significant effects on the quality of fermentation products of Paecilomyces hepiali.Calcium and daidzin in raw and unprocessed soybean were positively correlated with adenosine content in fermentation products.And calcium,daidzin,daidzein and genistein in soybean meal were positively correlated with adenosine content in fermentation products;calcium,magnesium,daidzin,daidzein,genistein and total isoflavones in soybean meal were negatively correlated with adenine content in fermentation products;iron in soybean meal was positively correlated with dry weight of mycelium.Based on the above results,the "Quality Standard for High Quality Soybean(for Fermentation Fungus Powder)was established to ensure the validity and stability of the fermentation products of Paecilomyces hepiali".A mouse model of kidney and testis injury was established using adenine,and using modern pharmacological methods to study the traditional effects of Paecilomyces hepiali on reinforcing vital essence,warming kidney and promoting "Yang".The mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,five treatment groups orally treated with different doses of fermented powder products of Paecilomyces hepiali(350mg/kg,550mg/kg,750mg/kg,1500mg/kg,3000mg/kg).The results showed that fermented powder products of Paecilomyces hepiali has recovery effect on adenine-induced kidney and testis damage,and recovered and increased the body weight of mice gradually.Histopathological examination of HE staining and Masson staining showed that fermented powder products of Paecilomyces hepiali could recover the damaged structure of kidney and testis,significantly reduce the fibrosis of kidney and testis.And fermented powder products of Paecilomyces hepiali could regulated serum hormone levels,improved the levels of key enzymes during spermatogenesis,and normalized the levels of BUN,Cr,FSH,LH,ACP,SDH and LDH,stabilized the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.The recovery effect of 1500 mg/kg fermented powder products of Paecilomyces hepiali was significantly better than that of other dose groups. |
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