Investigation On Tick Borne Diseases Of Cervus Elaphus In Xinjiang

Ticks are considered to be the second vector animals to transmit pathogens to human beings after mosquitoes,which can parasitize in many mammals including human beings,and they are the vectors and storage hosts of a variety of bacteria,viruses and protozoa.Forty-two species of ticks from 9 genera have been identified in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region;these represent more than onethird of the total tick species identified in China.In this study,microscopy and molecular biology were used to investigate tick borne diseases of red deer in Xinjiang and to identify species.Giemsa dyeing technique and PCR amplification was used to detect the Piroplasmosis of Cervus elaphus in 76 blood samples from three region in Xinjiang.The infection rate of Piroplasmosis in Microscopy was 28.95%,with the lower infection rate of 59.2% in PCR amplification;The prevalence of Piroplasmosis in Changji,the second division and Tacheng were 0,38.60% and 88.50%,respectively.The prevalence of Piroplasmosis in free Cervus elaphus(88.50%)was higher than that in captive Cervus elaphus(44.00%),and that in Cervus elaphus Yarkandensis(84.60%)was higher than that in Cervus elaphus songaricus(46.00%).T.capreoli was found as the dominant species.By PCR amplification,76 Cervus elaphus blood samples were positive Anaplasma with the overall prevalence being 51.3%.The infection rate of Changji,the second division and Tacheng were 8.3%,65.4%and 76.9%,respectively.The infection rate of the Cervus elaphus captivity(38.0%)was lower than that loose breeding(76.9%),and the infection rate of the Cervus elaphus Yarkandensis was higher than that of the Cervus elaphus songaricus(44.0%).three species of Anaplasma were identified: A.ovis(46.1%),A.phagocytophilum(28.9%)and A.bovis(17.1%),23 of them were co-infection(30.3%).The results showwed that A.ovis was the dominant species of the infected species.The infection rate of Heamoplasmas in 50 blood samples of Cervus elaphus songaricus was 70.0% by Nested-PCR.The incidence of Heamoplasmas in Changji(83.3%)was higher than that in Tacheng(57.7%).Morphological identification and PCR amplification were successfully amplified and sequencing of 64 ticks.The sequences obtained were conducted alignment analysis,similarity analysis by NCBI.All the collected samples were Hyalomma.asiaticum.PCR was used to detect Piroplasmosis,Anaplasma andHeamoplasmas in 26 blood of Cervus elaphus and 64 ticks.The positive rates of blood samples were 84.6%,65.4% and 42.3%,respectively.No pathogens were detected in ticks.In conclusion,the infections of Piroplasmosis,Anaplasma and Heamoplasmas in Xinjiang were more common.Ticks and ticks-borne diseases should attention of attention of deer farmers to ensure the healthy development of deer farming.