| The central Hebei Plain is located in the north of the North China Plain,with "more than one season and less than two seasons" of light and heat resources,and the annual rainfall can't meet the needs of wheat and maize production in a year.The long-term overexploitation of groundwater leads to the continuous decline of groundwater level,and the contradiction between the traditional planting mode and the current water resource supply and demand is becoming increasingly serious.It is urgent to carry out the reform of traditional planting system and establish a new planting system suitable for the current ecological conditions.This experiment was carried out in 2 Experimental Station of HAU of Qingyuan,Baoding city and Mazhuang,Xinji city during 2018-2019.4 wheat varieties and 8 maize varieties were used as experimental materials to compare and analyze the annual yield,resource utilization rate and economic benefits of the 3 planting modes of spring maize single cropping,silage-grain maize mode and double season sweet maize mode with the traditional winter wheat-summer maize planting mode,so as to screen out the planting mode suitable for the agricultrual resources of central Hebei Plain,for the sustainable development of agriculture and high yield of crops,and for the theoretical basis of high yielding and high efficiency of production practice.The main results of this experiment are as follows:(1)The biological yield of traditional winter wheat-summer maize planting mode is the highest,with an average of 37.3t·hm-2,significantly higher than other planting modes,followed by silage-grain maize mode and double season sweet maize mode,with an average of 28.7t·hm-2,23.0t·hm-2,respectively;and the biological yield of single cropping spring maize is the lowest,only 18.8t·hm-2.The annual energy production trend of different planting patterns is the same as that of biological production,which is 47.8%,22.0%and 38.5%lower than that of traditional patterns.(2)The annual light energy utilization efficiency(SUE)of different planting patterns was the highest in the traditional pattern,which was 1.1%,followed by silage-grain maize pattern and double season sweet maize pattern,which were 0.85%and 0.67%,respectively,and spring maize single cropping pattern was the lowest,which was only 0.57%.The water production efficiency(WPE)of silage-grain maize mode and traditional mode were the highest,45.5kg·hm-2·mm-1 and 42.3kg·hm-2·mm-1,respectively,which were significantly higher than other modes.Spring maize single cropping mode and double cropping sweet maize mode were 7.6%and 9.0%lower than the traditional mode respectively.(3)In the annual light energy and water production benefits,the 3 planting modes are higher than the traditional mode,14.5%,10.9%,42.5%and 11.0%,7.5%and 39.0%higher,respectively.The Accumulated tT(AT)production benefits of double season sweet maize are 30.2%higher than the traditional planting mode,while the AT production benefits of spring maize single cropping and silage-grain maize mode are 13.5%and 10.8%lower than the traditional planting mode.The annual water consumption of the 3 planting patterns is 45.4%,28.6%and 32.1%lower than that of the traditional pattern,and the soil water consumption is far lower than 150 mm,which can maintain the groundwater balance in the central Hebei plain.(4)Among the 4 planting modes,the double season sweet maize mode has the highest income,which is 23 thousand ?·ha-1,significantly higher than other modes,followed by the traditional mode and silage maize mode,which are 21 thousand ?·ha-1 and 16 thousand?·ha-1,respectively.The spring maize single cropping mode has the lowest income,which is only 13 thousand ?·ha-1.(5)Different wheat and maize varieties have certain differences in the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources.Spring maize can choose high-yield varieties with middle late maturity,silage maize should choose early variety,summer maize should adopt middle early variety,which is beneficial to reduce the moisture content of maize grain during harvest,promote the promotion of maize kernel mechanical harvest,and improve the planting income.In summary,the planting mode in line with the agricultural resources in the central Hebei Plain is the combination of traditional planting mode and spring maize one harvest mode,which can reduce the excessive consumption of agricultural water resources,improve the utilization efficiency and economic benefits of agricultural resources,and is conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture and national food security in the central Hebei region. |
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