Study On Soil Fertility And Quality Of Cortex Moutan In Stereoscopic Cultivation Mode Of Paeonia Ostii 'Fengdan'

Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' is a Chinese characteristic plant that combines medicinal,oil and ornamental valuesand,and has high economic value.It is suitable for large-scale cultivation.However,there are some disadvantages in its traditional planting mode,such as its cultivation management technology is relatively backward,and there is no profit in the first three years of planting,and so on.To improve the land use efficiency and its medicinal value,in this study,the Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' was used as the research object.Intercropping of Chaenomeles sinensis?Toona sinensis?Juglans regia ? Ligustrum lucidum was investigated the dynamic changes of soil fertility,cortex moutan quality and yield at different growth stages of 'Fengdan',and the different cultivation modes was analyzed the influence on related indicators.The main findings are as follows:(1)The results of soil nutrient content research showed that the effects of different intercropping modes on soil nutrient accumulation were not consistent.Compared with monocropping mode of Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan',the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,and available potassium have increased to varying degrees in the two intercropping modes of 'Fengdan'-Toona sinensis and 'Fengdan'-Chaenomeles sinensis.In the intercropping between 'Fengdan' and Toona sinensis,the content was21.06 %,18.66 %,26.45 %,5.73 %,67.76 %,29.57 % higher than that of monoculture,respectively.In the intercropping between 'Fengdan' and Chaenomeles sinensis,the content was 14.94 %,13.5 %,24.47 %,5.56 %,91.16 %,21.04 % higher than that of monoculture,respectively.In the two intercropping modes of 'Fengdan'-Juglans regia and 'Fengdan'-Ligustrum lucidum,the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,and available potassium content decreased.(2)Studies on soil microbial activity showed that the number of soil bacteria were the most in all cultivation modes,followed by actinomycetes and fungi.Compared with 'Fengdan' monocropping mode the number of soil actinomycetes decreased and the number of soil fungi increased in intercropping mode.In terms of soil respiration rate,except for the 'Fengdan'-Toona sinensis intercropping mode,which was significantly higher than that of the monocropping during fruit development stage and fruit ripening stage,the other modes have no significant differences.(3)Studies the soil water content,soil temperature,and soil p H showed that the soil water content of 'Fengdan'-Toona sinensis,'Fengdan'-Chaenomeles sinensis,'Fengdan'-Ligustrum lucidum intercropping was higher than that of the monocropping,when the soil was relatively dry.When the soil was relatively moist,the water content in the intercropping mode was generally lower than that of the monocropping mode.This indicates that it could improve soil moisture regulation ability when'Fengdan' intercrop with other forests.In addition,compared with 'Fengdan'monocropping mode,the soil temperature decreased in different degrees in the two intercropping modes of 'Fengdan'-Chaenomeles sinensis and 'Fengdan'-Ligustrum lucidum,but there was no significant difference in soil p H in each mode.(4)The comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility quality indicated that the soil fertility comprehensive scores of the five cultivation modes obtained by principal component analysis were between-1.25 and 1.40.And the fertility was ranked as follows: 'Fengdan'-Toona sinensi ? 'Fengdan'-Chaenomeles sinensis ?'Fengdan'monoculture ? 'Fengdan'-Juglans regia ? Fengdan'-Ligustrum lucidum.Cluster analysis divided five cultivation patterns into three ypes according to soil fertility.The first type('Fengdan'-Toona sinensis,'Fengdan'-Chaenomeles sinensis)has the highest soil fertility;the second type('Fengdan'monoculture)has higher soil fertility;the third type('Fengdan'-Juglans regia,'Fengdan'-Ligustrum lucidum)soil fertility was low.(5)In terms of quality and yield of cortex moutan,in this study,the quality of cortex moutan were measured by the content of its medicinal components.The results showed that the order of cultivation modes according to the content of paeonol and total flavonoids was as follows: 'Fengdan'-Ligustrum lucidum ?'Fengdan'-Chaenomeles sinensis?'Fengdan'monoculture?'Fengdan'-Juglans regia?'Fengdan'-Toona sinensis,and all reached the maximum value at flowering stage.In terms of cortex moutan production,except for the 'Fengdan'-Toona sinensis mode,the other modes was lower than the monoculture,and all the modes reached the maximum value in the fruit ripening period.Moreover,according to the actual production and life,the yield of paeonol and total flavonoids in each peony was calculated(paeonol / total flavonoid production = paeonol / total flavonoid content ×per plant cortex moutan yield).The results showed that the production of paeonol and total flavones was highest in the intercropping of 'Fengdan'-Toona sinensis,and the production of intercropping of 'Fengdan'-Juglans regia was the lowest,and all themodes reached the highest value during the fruit ripening period,so cortex moutan could be harvested during this period.(6)Multiple stepwise regression analysis of the soil fertility factors affecting paeonol and total flavonoid yields found that the factors affecting paeonol and total flavonoid yields were different in different cultivation modes.Among them,the main factors affecting paeonol production include soil available phosphorus content,available potassium content,and alkaline nitrogen content,soil temperature,and soil actinomycetes,etc.The main factors affecting total flavonoid production of cortex moutan were soil alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus content,soil temperature,quantity of soil fungi and actinomycetes,etc.In summary,it can be seen that different stereoscopic cultivation modes have different effects on soil fertility and cortex moutan quality.Among them,'Fengdan'-Toona sinensis and 'Fengdan'-Chaenomeles sinensis modes can effectively improve soil fertility.'Fengdan'-Ligustrum lucidum and 'Fengdan'-Toona sinensis have improved the quality and yield of cortex moutan,respectively.Based on the actual production and life,the stereoscopic cultivation mode of 'Fengdan'-Toona sinensis can be promoted in Henan area.This mode can not only popularized soil fertility,but also increase the yield of paeonol and total flavonoids of cortex moutan.