Effect Of Calcium Fertilizer On Growth Physiology,Yield And Quality Of Potato

In order to explore the effects of calcium fertilizer application on growth physiology,yield and quality of different potato varieties,and to determine the most suitable calcium fertilizer application in potato production at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia,the effects of three calcium application rates of 0kg/hm2,150kg/hm 2 and 300kg/hm2 on growth indexes,photosynthetic characteristics,physiological indexes,yield and quality of Ji Zhangshu 12 and Shepody varieties during their growth period were studied by split-plot design method.The main results are as follows:1.Under calcium application treatment,the plant height and stem diameter of the two potato varieties increased significantly during the growth period,the dry matter accumulation of stem leaves and tubers increased significantly,the dry weight and fresh weight balance period of stem leaves and tubers appeared at an appropriate time,and the relationship between stem leaf growth and tuber growth was coordinated,with the effect of 150kg/hm2 treatment being the most obvious.2.Under calcium application treatment,the leaf area index and specific leaf weight of Shepody were significantly increased,the photosynthetic potential of Ji Zhangshu 12 was significantly increased,and the photosynthetic production rate of the two potato varieties was not significantly different.On the 27th day after seedling emergence,the net photosynthetic rate of Ji Zhangshu 12 was significantly higher under 150kg/hm2 and 300kg/hm2 calcium application than that without calcium application,and that of Shepody was significantly higher under 150kg/hm2 calcium application.Application of calcium fertilizer can increase stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves,and reduce intercellular CO2 concentration,but the effect is not significant.3.Under calcium application,the accumulation of N,P and K in different organs of the two potato varieties increased significantly,and the distribution of N,P and K in different organs was reasonable,of which 150kg/hm2 treatment had the most obvious effect.4.The application of calcium had a significant effect on the yield and the number of tubers per plant of Ji Zhangshu 12,but had no significant effect on the weight of tubers per plant and the rate of commercial tubers,and had no significant effect on the yield and its components of Shepody.The yield of Ji Zhangshu 12 was significantly higher than that of 300kg/hm2 at 150kg/hm2,and the number of tubers per plant was significantly higher than that of 300kg/hm2 at 0kg/hm2.5.There was no significant difference in dry matter content,starch content and total amino acid content of potato tuber at harvest time under different calcium application.The crude protein content of Ji Zhangshu 12 was 43.20%higher than that of 0kg/hm2,and there was no significant difference in the crude protein content of Shepody.6.Calcium treatment significantly reduced the incidence rate of tuber diseases.The scab disease index of two potato varieties was significantly lower than that of the other two treatments under 150kg/hm2 calcium treatment.The disease index of moles in Ji Zhangshu 12 was significantly lower than that in the other two treatments under 300kg/hm2 calcium application,and that in Shepody was significantly lower than that in the other two treatments under 150Kg/hm 2 calcium application.The incidence rate of Fusarium Wilt of two potato varieties was the lowest under 300kg/hm2 calcium application.7.In the potato production in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain,Inner Mongolia,which is similar to the experimental conditions,the recommended application amount of calcium nitrate in Sishui is 150kg/hm2,equivalent to 25.2kg/hm2 CaO.