Evaluation Of Agaricus Bisporus And Multi-omics Study On The Mechanism Of Soybean Meal Increasing Yield

To investigate the effect of different protein supplements on the industrial production of Agaricus bisporus and the mechanism of increasing production,five protein supplements,including soybean meal(SM),extruded soybean(ES),corn protein(CP),feather meal(FM)and commercial supplement(MCSubstradd(?),MCS),were used as the first group.The dosage of each supplement was determined based on their protein content and with a final protein dosage of 0.5%in the compost.The yield,agronomic characters and nutritional quality of the fruiting body of the mushroom were evaluated.Meanwhile,the dosage of SM was determined with a series protein dosage of 0.3%(S3),0.5%(S5)and 0.7%(S7)as the second group.The physicochemical properties and the activity of key enzymes of the compost materials were measured,and the diversity of bacterial community structure and the proteomics of different proteins secreted by mycelium were analyzed by using molecular biology technology.The results are as follows:1.The first group found that SM,ES and CP effectively increase the mushroom yield.Among the four experimental groups,the total yield of CP group is the highest,but the yield of second and third flush mushroom is low;SM significantly increase the yield of third flush mushroom and the hardness quality of fruit body,while ES group significantly improve the yield,the hardness quality of first and second tide mushroom.All of the five significantly increased the protein content of the fruiting body of mushroom.The FM group significantly increase the taste amino acid content of mushroom fruiting body and enhance the flavor and taste of mushroom.2.The second group found that the average total yield of each treatment group was more than 28kg/m2.The dosage of soybean meal protein is positively correlated with the yield.The total yield of S7 group was the highest among the five treatments,reaching 35kg/m2,which was 23.41%,higher than that of CTL group.The rate of increase in the third flush yield was 101.19%,over and above the effect of commercial supplement.The biological efficiency of each treatment was increased,and the trend was the same as that of increasing production.3.The basic physicochemical properties and key degrading enzyme activities of the mycelium at the fulling(F1),the primordium formation(Pn),the end of first flush(F1),the end of second flush(F2)and the end of third flush(F3)were determined.The results showed that the moisture,nitrogen content,carbon content,ash content,carbon to nitrogen ratio and pH value were all in normal level,and the differences among the treatments were small.The SM group increased the protease activity in the first and second flush mushroom compost,promoted the decomposition of protein,increased the cellulase and hemicellulase of lignocellulose degradation,promoted the decomposition of macromolecular carbohydrate,and provided guarantee for mycelium nutrition.4.The dominant compost microbiota includes Firmicutes,Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria.The supplement of soybean meal kept the community structure of group S7 relatively unchanged in the period of third flush mushroom and first flush mushroom,and maintained the microbiota structure in the period of high yield.Thermophilida,filomicrobium,thermopolyspora and thermobacillus are the dominant groups at genus level.The results of cluster analysis showed that the samples of the third flush mushroom in group S7 and the samples of the first flush mushroom were clustered,which indicated that the similarity of the bacterial community structure was high.5.The difference proteomic analysis was indicated that 558 quantifiable proteins were identified from four samples of first flush mushroom(F1)and third flush mushroom(F3)from S7 group and CTL group.Set the threshold value 1.2.GO enrichment showed that the difference proteins of F1 belong to the hydrolysis activity of polysaccharides such as cellulose,F3 belong to the fucosidase and metallopeptidase activity.The results of KEGG enrichment showed that soybean meal protein could improve the yield and conversion rate of mushroom fruiting body by promoting the metabolism of glycine,serine and threonine and the metabolism of cellulose...