| This paper is an important part of the project of major scientific and technological ‘the keytechnology research and demonstration of edible fungi production by efficient conversion ofcrop straw and animal manure’ in Jilin Province. It studied screening new matrix and nutritionalphysiology of the efficient transformation carrier which is straw rotting fungi Agaricus bisporus.It aims to not only provide a scientific basis and cultivation technique for edible mushroomproduction by efficient conversion of crop straw and Auricularia auricular-judae residue whichhave geographical features in Jilin Province and northern regions, but also promote circulationof agriculture and extension of agricultural chain.There were three types of agricultural wastes to be new matrix, such as corn stalks, corncobs and A. auricular-judae residue. According to the ratio of carbon and nitrogen, it designedsix training materials formulas, the traditional formula as a control to cultivate A. bisporus,repeated three times, each cultivation area was6m2. The paper studied the microbial community,the extracellular enzyme activity, the content in lignocellulose, analysised nutrients, yield andbiological efficiency of fruiting-body in the whole cultivation of A. bisporus. The results were asfollows:(1) Detecting the microbial community of new matrix in fermentation process showed thatactinomycetes, bacteria and fungi played a dominant role in fermentation. They producedextracellular enzymes to degradate lignocellulose. The changes of the number of threemicroorganisms rised then decreased, the number of bacteria reached the peak in the secondturning, the number of actinomycetes peaked in third turning, the number of fungi appearedmaximum in the third and fourth turning. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes were mostin formula of corn stalks and followed in formula of A. auricular-judae residue. Formulas of A.auricular-judae residue and corn cob had more fungi. The maximum magnitudes of per gram wetmaterial containing bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi were108,107,106.(2) Dynamic changes of lignocellulose and extracellular enzyme activity showed that thedegradation rates of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose were positively correlated with ligninenzymes, cellulose enzymes, hemicellulose activity. The changes of enzyme activities rised thendecreased.Hemicellulose activity was highest in the second turning, the degradation rate ofhemicellulose was maximum. In the third turning, cellulase enzymes and lignin enzyme had the highest, the degradation rates of cellulose, lignin maximized. Formula of A. auricular-judaeresidue which alternated40%of the straw had higher cellulose enzyme activity, the same toformula of corn cob which alternated30%of the straw. The lignin enzyme activity was strongerand higher degradation rate in formula of A. auricular-judae residue which alternated40%of thestraw.(3) The seven kinds of extracellular enzymes activities of A. bisporus showed a trend ofincreasing then decreasing in fungi growing stage. Different peak activities appeared in differentperiods, which maximum of lignin enzyme was in mycelium growing stage, cellulose andhemicellulose enzymes were in fruiting-body stage.There were differences of extracellular enzymes activities and degradation rates oflignocellulose among all formulas. Formula of A. auricular-judae residue which alternated40%of the straw had higher extracellular enzymes activities and degradation rate of lignocellulosethan other formulas.(4) There were many significant differences of production, quality and biological efficiencyin different new matrixes types and different formulas. Formula of A. auricular-judae residuewhich alternated40%of the straw had highest yield and best quality. Its production reached6.95kg/m2. It was1.45times than the control formula. Its biological efficiency was47.38%. Solubleprotein content was0.397mg/g, which was extremely significant in the formulas of corn strawand corn cob. Soluble sugar content was2.830%, which was significantly in the control formula.Vitamin C content was14.363%, which was1.3-7.393%higher than other formulas. It reached asignificant level.(5) This paper researched further to set three alternative treatments (40%,60%,80%), whichA. auricular-judae residue alternated the straw to cultivate A. bisporus. The traditional formulawas a control. The results were as follows:There were differences of maximum number of actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi among allformulas. The formula of alternative40%had the maximum number of actinomycetes and fungi,the minimum number of bacteria.In the fermentation stage, hemicellulose enzyme activity had little change, the peak reachedin the second turning, the degradation rate of hemicellulose was highest, too. maximum activityof the control formula was8.67U, which was higher than test formulas. In the third turning,cellulase enzymes and lignin enzymes had the highest, the degradation rates of cellulose, ligninmaximized. Formula of alternative40%had higher cellulose enzyme activity. Formula ofalternative40%had higher extracellular enzymes activities and degradation rate oflignocellulose than other formulas in fungi growing stage. There were some differences of yield, quality and biological efficiency in differentalternative formulas. Formula of alternative40%had the maximum yield, which was1.61timesthan the straw yield formulas. It had the highest biological efficiency, which was significant inthe other formulas under5%and1%significance level. Its nutrient contents were higher thanother formulas.(6) This study integrated the new supporting technology which cultivated A. bisporus withnew matrix and formula in Northeast. The formula was consist in23.28%A. auricular-judaeresidue,34.92%straw,38.8%cow dung,1%gypsum,1%lime,1%superphosphate. Plantingseason was on July. Material fermentation ned22-25days, turned five times. Fungi growing ned20days, fruiting-body ned20-25days. Production was7.50kg/m2, biological efficiency was47.60%. |
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