Studies On The Nutritional And Bio-active Components In Xanthoceras Sorbifolium Bunge

Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge is a rare native woody oil species unique to China and growing in the north.Its flowers are dense and it is also an excellent landscape tree species.In addition to its ornamental value,Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge is rich in bioactive ingredients such as flavonoids and phenolic acids,and its flowers,stems and leaves also have good aesthetic,edible and medicinal value,so its development and utilization are promising.In this paper,flowers,leaves and stems of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge cultivated in Beijing and other places were used as experimental materials.The differences of different components including total flavonoids,anthocyanin,total phenols,crude proteins,mineral elements,soluble sugars and volatilities at different flowering stages were systematically studied.The contents and changing rules of the main nutrients and active components in different parts,regions and periods of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge were determined to provide basis for the further development and utilization of the petals,leaves and stems of Chinese cockscomb.The results are as follows:(1)The volatile components of the petals in different flowering stages were analyzed.A total of 42 compounds were identified,and they were divided into seven categories including 16 terpenoids,9 alcohols,7 esters,5 aldehydes,3 alkanes,1 ketones and 1 N-containing compounds.The composition of aroma components and their relative contents of different types of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge at different flowering stages are quite different.The composition of aroma components of white flower type is richer than that of red flower type.The difference between scented and unscented Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge is mainly the presence and absence of linalool.On the whole,alcohol and terpene are the key components of flower fragrance.The main component is linalool.The release amount of the main volatile components was the highest in the half opening period.(2)The contents of essential nutrients and active components in petals,leaves,stems and branches were compared between different stages and different parts.During the development of petals,the contents of crude protein,total phenols and total flavonoids in the two types of fruit were in the same trend,first decreasing and then increasing.However,the soluble sugar content increased first and then decreased,and the content of anthocyanin increased and reached the maximum in the blooming period.The petals were rich in minerals such as P,K,Zn,Mg,Ca,Fe,etc.,and the changes of mineral elements in the development stages of the white-flower-type and red-flower-type fruits were not fixed.The contents of crude protein,mineral elements and total flavonoids in young leaves and shoots were higher than those in mature leaves and shoots,while the contents of soluble sugars and total phenols were opposite.The contents of nutrients and active components in flower bud and blooming stages were higher than those in the early and half opening stages.The content of young leaves and shoots was higher than that of mature leaves and shoots.At the same time,the nutrient components and active components in different parts of the fruit were significantly different,and the content in petals was higher than that in leaves and stems.(3)The nutrient contents and active ingredients of different regions were compared.The results showed that different regions had significant effects on the essential nutrients and active substances of the petals,leaves and stems of the fruit.The crude protein content of petals was higher in Harbin.The soluble sugar and total flavones were higher in chifeng and jianping.The total phenols in chifeng and weifang were higher.Anthocyanin was mostly found in chifeng area.In the same region,the content of total flavonoids in the petals of the white-flowered crested fruit was higher than that of the red-flowered crested fruit,and the leaves and stems were opposite.The content of anthocyanin and total phenols was higher in the safflower type than in the white flower type,but the difference of crude protein and soluble sugar was not significant.The contents of soluble sugar,total phenols and total flavonoids in the two types of fruit petals were the highest in the same region,followed by the leaves and the lowest in the stems and branches.The content of crude protein was the highest in the leaves,followed by the stems and branches,and the lowest in the petals.On the whole,the contents of nutrients and active substances in the petals,leaves and stems were higher in the five regions of chifeng.This study showed that the main volatile component of the petals of the fruit was linalool,and the content was the highest at the half opening stage.here were significant differences in nutrient and active components in petals,leaves and stems.The contents of nutrients and active components in the carthamus type fruit were higher.The results showed that the contents of nutrients and active components were higher in the bud stage and the blooming stage,and in the young leaf skin and shoots.By comparing different regions,it was found that the nutrients and active components of the safflower type were more easily affected.On the whole,the contents of nutrients and active substances in the petals,leaves and stems of the fruit of chifeng were higher than those in Beijing,weifang,jianping and Harbin.