Study On Growth Dynamics And Quality And Yield Regulation Of Introduced Panax Notoginseng

Panax notoginseng is a perennial herb of P.notoginseng,whose main chemical ingredients are saponins.It is a rare Chinese herb widely used in China and has become the second largest Chinese herb after ginseng.P.notoginseng has strict requirements on growth environment and serious continuous cropping obstacles.The cultivation area suitable for producing areas is gradually reduced,which limits the sustainable development of artificial cultivation of P.notoginseng.Therefore,P.notoginseng planting area begins to expand outward.In order to ensure the medicinal resources of notoginseng,the agronomic indexes,mineral elements and quality of notoginseng introduced to Panzhou,Guizhou were observed in this study from 2017 to 2019,and the adaptability of producing area,distribution characteristics of mineral elements and appropriate cultivation measures of notoginseng introduced to guizhou were verified.The main re-search results are as follows:1.P.notoginseng introduced in Guizhou shows good adaptability from agronomic indexes and quality.The annual average plant height was 10.28 cm,the chlorophyll content was 28.62,the leaf area was 8.16 cm~2,the aboveground fresh weight was 0.38 g,and the underground fresh weight was 0.29 g.The average plant height was 16.12 cm,stem diameter was 4.23 mm,petioles length was 8.06 cm,chlorophyll content was 45.57,leaf area was 34.71 cm2,fresh weight of the aboveground part was 8.69 g,the underground part was 10.54 g,total root length was 694.30 cm,total root surface area was 142.47 cm~2.average root diameter and 0.66mm,root tips were 1077.98,root branches were 3,246.51.The annual plant height of notoginseng was 29.48 cm,stem diameter 6.42 mm,petiole length and 9.87 cm,chlorophyll content 50.15,leaf area 51.01 cm~2,fresh weight of overgrund part 18.38,underground part24.35 g,annual total root length 868.20 cm,total root surface area 225.44 cm~2,average root diameter 0.83 mm,root tip number 1229.17,root branch number 4,316.10.From May to December,the water content,total ash content and extract content of Panax notoginseng from two years old and three years old all accord with pharmacopoeia,and the content ranges are 4.36%-8.63%and 3.82%-8.77%,4.12%%-5.13%and 2.69%-3.45%,16.75%-37.89%and 22.65%-40.55%.Content of notoginseng saponin each along with the age increasing,the content of saponins in different,two years notoginseng in September 6,7,and total saponin content of pharmacopoeial requirements,born three years 5 to 12 months notoginseng conform to the requirements of the pharmacopoeia,biennial P.notoginseng total saponin content was significantly higher than that of months,June,content is the lowest,content range of 3.71%～5.79%,triennial Panax notoginseng of total saponins in May is significantly higher than months,June was significantly lower than months,content range of6.95%～8.24%;The yield of P.notoginseng in two years and three years was the highest in December,with only 17.48 g/plant and 41.33 g/plant,respectively.The yield of Panax notoginseng in October to December of two years had no significant change,while that of October to November of three years had no significant change.Therefore,the best harvest time of P.notoginseng was from October to December,which was consistent with the traditional harvest period.2.The mineral element contents and changing rules of each part of two and three years in P.notoginseng are different.The content of N,P and K elements in the whole growth period of two years P.notoginseng was N>K>P,and that of three years P.notoginseng was K>N>P.The change curves of P,K,Ca and Mg contents in two years of P.notoginseng and three years of P.notoginseng are similar,showing the"M"type.The two periods of P.notoginseng with large amount of fertilizer demand are later than those in the final production areas.The first time is from May to July,the second time is from November to December,and the third time is from October to November.In the annual growth period of P.notoginseng,the content of Ca element is greater than that of P and Mg,and the content of Mg is similar to that of P.Therefore,it is suggested that when N,P and K fertilizers are applied,Ca and Mg fertilizers should be combined.In this study,the content of trace elements in the growth period of the biennial P.notoginseng was Na>Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu,which was similar in the three-year growth period.According to the foreign trade and green trade standards for medicinal plants and preparations(WM/t2-2004),the Cu element in the underground part of pannocarpus notoginseng in different years was lower than 20mg/kg,and there was no exceeding the standard.Two years and three years of P.notoginseng were dependent on element N and element P in the whole growth period,and two years and three years of P.notoginseng were restricted by element P in the reproductive growth stage(August and September).The Ca/Na and Mg/Na values of notoginseng in two years were relatively small before and after August.Combining with the accumulation of Ca and Mg con-tents in plants,Ca and Mg elements could be appropriately supplemented in the vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage.The Ca/Na value of notoginseng in three years was similar to that of two years,and the Mg/Na value was the highest in November.Mg fertilizer should be applied appropriately in May and July.The results of the analysis of mineral elements in the leaves of P.notoginseng show that there is a synergistic effect between Ca and Mg,that N/P in P.notoginseng has a great correlation with each element,that the limiting factor for the role of N and P is P,and that the reasonable ratio of N and P is the basis for the normal physiological effects of other elements.Two years old P.notoginseng was less affected by salt stress,three years P.notoginseng could improve the use of K and Ca fertilizer,and alleviate the damage caused by salt stress to plants.3.Different cultivation measures have different effects on quality and yield of P.notoginseng.Under the light transmittance of 18.90%,the biomass of underground part and the accumulation of saponins were more suitable.The yield per plant was 53.86 g and the content of total saponins was 8.14%.Table 24 when the concentration of brassicin was 0.8 mg/L,the effect of improving quality and increasing yield was the best,the yield per plant was 46.98 g,and the content of total saponins was 7.30%.The dependency rate of P.notoginseng on fertilizer was higher in two years than in three years.The limiting factors of P.notoginseng quality and yield were different.The limiting factors of P.notoginseng yield in two years and three years were K and the limiting factors of quality were N.Two years and three years of notoginseng interaction effect of N,P and K fertilizer for low levels of P and K,N fertilizer application effect is better,the N and P in conducive to K fertilizer effect,the interaction law of P fertilizer with different fixed number of year,two year three of N and K in processing,more conducive to P fertilizer effect of the play,three years notoginseng for high N and K in the processing.Under similar soil and environmental conditions,N content and K content were 15kg/667 m~2 and 25 kg/667m~2 respectively.Three years P.notoginseng can choose N content 22.5 kg/667m~2,P content 18 kg/667m~2,K content 25 kg/667m~2,more conducive to the cultivation of high quality and high yield P.notoginseng.