| Aluus formosaua originated in Taiwan Province,is a deciduous large tree of alder in betulaeeae family.It is widely used in furniture,papermaking and architecture due to its short growth cycle,obvious straight trunk and easy processing.Alnus formosana grows fast and grows fast in the hills and mountains with deep,fertile and humid soil layer.Because of its large crown,high shade under the forest,fragrant flowers in spring,long and charming,and good beautification effect,it can be used for mixed plantation,scenic forest,protective forest,highway greening,beach greening and other garden purposes.At the same time,Alnus formosana has a strong ability to adapt to the environment,and its lateral roots have nodules to fix nitrogen,which can enhance the fertility of forest land.Therefore,Alnus formosana is a kind of tree species that can conserve water,soil and nutrients,and can be used in garden ecological forest,protective forest,pioneer tree species,etc.Therefore,the systematic study of alder resources in Taiwan has important theoretical and practical value.In this paper,72 samples from 6 provenances of alder in Taiwan,including Fujian,Hunan,Zhaonan,Zhaowei,Zhaoxin and Shifang,were studied by studying the genetic diversity of phenotypic,physiological and molecular markers,constructing the genetic distance cluster analysis map,and then analyzing the genetic structure,and finally analyzing the correlation between the traits and molecular markers.To provide scientific basis for the protection,sustainable utilization and genetic improvement of alder genetic resources in Taiwan,to establish an effective protection system,to master the current situation of introduction and cultivation of alder in Taiwan,to monitor and research germplasm resources is of great significance,in order to provide theoretical guidance for the selection of parent hybrid breeding and Germplasm Innovation in the future.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The phenotypic characters of Alnus formosana were significantly different between provenances and families,and there were significant genetic variations between provenances and within provenances.The coefficient of variation of phenotype was 23.528% ? 28.154%,the mean was 25.007%.Zhaonan provenance(28.154%)had the largest coefficient of variation,Shifang provenance(23.528%)had the smallest coefficient of variation.The repeatability was 0.373-0.474,with a mean of 0.419.Zhaonan provenance(0.474)had the highest repeatability,while Fujian provenance(0.373)had the lowest repeatability.The phenotypic genetic differentiation coefficient(VST)was between 3.731% and 95.000%,with an average of 33.941%.The highest differentiation coefficient was under branch height(95.000%),and the lowest differentiation coefficient was leaf width(3.732%).The results of Mantel test showed that the phenotypic Euclidean distance of 6 provenances of Alnus formosana was significantly correlated with geographical distance(r = 0.707,P = 0.003).(2)There are some differences in physiological indexes between provenances and families of Alnus formosana.The coefficient of variation of alder in Taiwan is 28.370% ? 40.700%,with an average of 34.331%.The coefficient of variation of Zhaonan provenance(40.700%)is the largest,and that of Zhaonan provenance(28.370%)is the smallest.The repeatability of Fujian provenance(0.976)was the highest,while Zhaowei provenance(0.741)was the lowest.The physiological genetic differentiation coefficient was 1.09% ? 40.74%,with an average of 15.18%.The differentiation coefficient of alanine aminotransferase(40.74%)was the highest,the differentiation coefficient of chlorophyll a(1.09%)was the lowest,and the variation within provenance was greater than that between provenances,which was relatively dominant.The results of Mantel test showed that there was a significant correlation between Euclidean distance and geographical distance(r = 0.592,P = 0.02).(3)A total of 54551 unigenes were spliced in Taiwan alder transcriptome,among which 12823 SSR loci were distributed in 9851 unigenes,and the frequency of SSR loci was 18.06%.15 SSR primers were used to detect the diversity of Alnus formosana.63 SSR alleles were found.568 ? 0.95 8.The mean values are Na= 3.256,Ne = 2.254,Ho = 0.448,He = 0.582,PIC = 0.440,h = 0.560,I = 1.045,Fis = 0.179.The gene flow(mm)was 4.071,and only 10.1% of the variation occurred between provenances.The variation within the population was the source of the total variation of Alnus formosana.Based on Nei's unbiased genetic distance,Alnus formosana can be divided into three types.The results of Mantel test showed that there was a significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance(r = 0.779,P = 0.001).(4)The coupling study of Alnus formosana genetic diversity showed that the genetic diversity parameters calculated by SSR molecular markers had rich correlation with phenotype and physiological diversity parameters.Only phenotypic repeatability was negatively correlated with the coefficient of variation(r =-0.914,P < 0.01).The results of phenotypic,physiological and SSR marker genetic diversity of Alnus formosana showed that the genetic variation mainly came from within the provenance,indicating that the three research methods had certain coupling.The results of Mantel test showed that there was correlation among phenotype,physiology and SSR markers,which indicated that genetic diversity could be explained by geographical distance.(5)Alnus formosana can be divided into three subgroups by structure.Based on the general linear model GLM,13 SSR markers associated with Alnus formosana characters were detected.There are 15 characters that can be associated with SSR molecular markers,among which the explanation rate of character variation is 0.128%-40.379%,pod variation is the highest and tree height is the lowest.The effect value of characters was between-35.430 and 36.063. |
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