Effects Of Montmorillonite And Yeast Culture Combinations On Performance,Blood Biochemical Parameters And Fecal Microflora Diversity Of Weaned Piglets

At present,ban on resistance and low zinc have become the development trend of the industry,so it is urgent to seek alternative products with green safety.This test adds smectite and yeast culture to the diet of weaned piglets.To study the effects of alternative antibiotics or zinc oxide on growth performance,blood biochemical parameters,immune and antioxidant functions,and fecal microbial diversity of weaned piglets.The objective of this 35-day study was to determine its ability to replace antibiotics(AB),zinc oxide(ZnO),or the combination in weaning pigs.One hundred eighty pigs(28-d old,AVE 6.8 Kg BW)were randomly assigned to 5 treatments each with 6 replications.There was a 3-d adjustment period on a common feed after weaning before the experiment began.Treatments were T1)corn-soybean meal based diet with AB(500 g/MT 15% chlortetracycline premix,200 g/MT50% olaquindox premix)and Zn O(3 kg/MT);T2)T1 + 0.15%Montmorillonite and yeast culture;T3)T1–AB + 0.15% Montmorillonite and yeast culture;T4)T1–Zn O + 0.15%Montmorillonite and yeast culture;T5)T1–AB–Zn O + 0.15% Montmorillonite and yeast culture.The test results showed that:(1)from 1 to 14 days,the diets supplemented with antibiotic and Montmorillonite and yeast culture had no significant difference in average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI)and feed/gain(F/G)(P>0.05);From 15 to35 days,the body weight of the test group Ⅲ was significantly different from that of the control group and the experimental groupⅠ(p <0.05),there was no significant difference between the two groups(p> 0.05).(2)The diarrhea rate and diarrhea index of the test group Ⅲ and the test group Ⅳ were significantly higher than those of the control group and the other test group(p<0.05).The diarrhea rate and diarrhea index of the test group Ⅱ were not significantly different from the control group(p>0.05).During the whole trial period,there was no significant difference in diarrhea rate and diarrhea index between the experimental group Ⅰ and the experimental group Ⅱ and the control group(p>0.05).The diarrhea rate and diarrhea index in the trial group Ⅲ and the trial group Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in the other groups(p< 0.05).(3)At 14 days,ALP in group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ wassignificantly lower than that in other groups(P < 0.05).The ALT activity of each group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P < 0.05).At 35 days,compared with the control group,test Ⅱ The ALB content of the group was significantly lower(P <0.05),and the ALP activity of the test group Ⅲ and the test group Ⅳ was significantly lower(P <0.05).The ALT activity of each test group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).(4)From 1 to 14 d,The contents of IgA,IgG,IgM,TNF-ɑ and INF-Y in each experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P <0.05).The levels of IL-1β in group Ⅰ and group Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in control group The levels of IL2 and IL6 were significantly higher than those of the control group(P <0.05).The contents of IL4 in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in the control group(P <0.05).From 35 d,The levels of IgG,IgM and TNF-ɑin the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(P <0.05),while the levels of INF-γ and IL-6 in theⅠ,ⅡandⅢgroups were significantly higher than those in the control group(P <0.05).(5)At 14 d,the T-AOC in group Ⅱand group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in control group(p <0.05).The activity of GSH-PX and SOD in each group was significantly higher than that in control group(p <0.05).At 35 days,the T-AOC in group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in control group(p <0.05).There was no significant difference between group Ⅰ,group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,The SOD activity in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in control group(p <0.05),and the MDA content in each experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group(p <0.05).(6)In the14 th day of experiment,the growth hormone levels in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in the control group(p<0.05).There was no significant difference between the experimental group Ⅳ and the control group(p>0.05).The insulin growth factor-1content in the experimental group Ⅰ was not significantly different(p>0.05).Significantly higher than the control group and other test groups(p<0.05),but the difference with the test group Ⅳ was not significant(p>0.05),the test group 35 d,the test group Ⅲ growth hormone content was significantly higher than the control group and test group I(p <0.05),but the difference between the test group Ⅱ and the Ⅳ group was not significant(p>0.05).The content of insulin growth factor-1 in the test group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in the control group and the experimental group Ⅰ(p<0.05).(7)At the 14 th day of the experiment,the plasma endotoxin levels in the test group Ⅰ and the test group Ⅳ weresignificantly lower than those in the control group(p<0.05).The endotoxin content in the test group Ⅰ,the test group Ⅱ and the test group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in the control group(p<0.05).The endotoxin content in the test group Ⅳ was not significantly different from the control group(p>0.05),but the endotoxin content.There is a downward trend.In the experiment 35 d,the plasma endotoxin content in the test group Ⅱ,the test group Ⅲ and the test group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in the control group and the test group Ⅱ(p<0.05).The endotoxin content in the test group Ⅲ and the test group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in the test group Ⅰ(p<0.05).p<0.05);the endotoxin content in the test group Ⅲ and the test group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in the control group,the test group Ⅰ and the test group Ⅱ(p<0.05).(8)The addition of montmorillonite and yeast culture to the diet of weaned piglets has an effect on the microbial diversity of piglet feces.The results showed that in the level of the door,such as Bacteroides,Firmicutes,Actinobacteria were dominant bacteria,and the addition of montmorillonite and yeast culture groups increased the number of Firmicutes(p>0.05).The door showed a downward trend(p>0.05).Prevotellais the main dominant bacteria in feces,and it is the most significant(p<0.05)in the alternative antibiotic group.Other zinc oxide replacement groups can significantly reduce the Bacteroides content(p<0.05),adding montmorillonite and yeast culture.The contents of Oscillosporia,Parabacteroides,Phascolarctobacterium Ruminococcus and CF231 were increased(p<0.05).In summary,the addition of montmorillonite and yeast culture to the feed can improve the growth performance and microbial diversity of weaned piglets,and improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity of piglets.