| Wild Auricularia auricula germplasm resource is very abundance in Heilongjiang Province of China . So,the genetic diversity was objectively evaluated and methods of distinguishing different wild strains were found out is very important. Those were the basis of protecting and utilizing germplasm, breeding, property right safeguarding, reinforcing managing of Auricularia auricula. Twenty-four mainly strains of A.auricula which were wild in China were selected in this study. Their molecular fingerprints and genetic similarities were analyzed by their esteraseisozyme,ISSR,SCRA. The main results were as following:1. 24 tested Auricularia auricula strains were all collected from wild. The study adopt isolation method and take the wild Auricularia auricula by multi-step isolation and nurture as well as experiment in order to prove pure strains were isolated from wild Auricularia auricula strains.2. Based on the optimization of amplification system by orthogonal design, 10 primers which have high stability and repeatability and polymorphic banding patterns ,24 wild fungus strain and a strain of Auricularia auricula cultivation that is Hei 29 were used to amplify genomes PCR. A total of 88 bands were amplified and there are 83 polymorphic bands among them, 94.3% of which were found to be polymorphic, which 8.8 bands per primer in average. Select the best 32 bands from 88 DNA band and ISSR fingerprinting pattern map were constructed and computerized of 25 strains .Results show that ISSR technology could be used to detect and identify A.auricula strain fast and accurately.3. Four strain-specific bands from 5 strains have been gained by analysis of ISSR zymogram. And two specific bands from strain DXANcf and strain FZ were excised from agarose gels, cloned and sequenced. Based on the nucleotide sequences, primer pairs were designed and synthesized, and developed successfully SCAR marker. These SCAR marker provide a new way which more precise and rapid for strain identification of A.auricula.4. Analysis results of the two DNA fingerprints showed, the 25 strains were divided into 4 groups at certain coefficient leve: The strain of first group mainly came from Yi-Chun and Jiagedaqi districts. The strain of group two mainly came from surrounding areas of xinanling, Jiagedaqi, Ya Bu Li and Mu dan jiang. The strain of group three is the Hei 29 came from contrast cultivated fungus. The fourth category came form the single Auricularia auricula fungus strains collected from Cui Feng of Great xinganling. The results above indicated that the strains of wild Auricularia auricula in the same area have higher genetic similarity, such as the Nan Cha of Yi Chun and Jia Yin as well as Jiagedaqi 2 and Jiagedaqi 3, on the other hand, probably because of the regional area is too large and collection places were different, some collected from the same region the genetic relationship differ greatly, such as Jiagedaqi 3 and Jiagedaqi 1. Genetic similarity of re-cultivated species differ greatly form collected wild fungus may be due to domestication and cultivation. And genetic similarity between wild fungus collected from Cui Feng of Great Khingan and 24 other species were less than 50%, because the collection region and other bacteria have a certain distance, on the other hand may due to the existence of its special circumstances.
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