Effect Of Sowing Rate On Growth,Yield And Quality Of Late Sowing "Xi’nong 511" Wheat

Sowing rate is one of the important cultivation techniques affecting wheat yield.In this experiment,Xi’nong 511,a new strong gluten wheat variety approved by the State Council,was selected to study the effects of different sowing rates on its yield,quality,agronomic and physiological indexes in the Wugong experimental base of Northwest A&F University of science and technology from 2019 to 2020 with six sowing rates of 84kg·hm^-2（A）,126kg·hm^-2（B）,168 kg·hm^-2（C）,210 kg·hm^-2（D）,252 kg·hm^-2（E）and kg·hm^-2（F）,To enrich the cultivation techniques of Xi’nong 511 and provide theoretical basis for its popularization in this region.The experimental results show that:1.The sowing rate had significant effect on the agronomic characters of Xi’nong 511wheat.Plant height,leaf age,secondary rooting,tillering and dry weight per plant decreased with the increase of sowing rate.The plant height increased by 27.0%-174.0%from overwintering to maturity.The leaf age of wheat reached the maximum at booting stage,and the secondary rooting and tillering of single plant reached the maximum at jointing stage.The leaf age of different sowing rates at jointing stage was 9.4-10.1,and the range was3.2%-8.2%;The number of secondary roots ranged from 19.8-36.8 per plant^-1,with a range of 3.2%-15.4%among different treatments.The number of tillers ranged from 2.4-6.4 per plant^-1,with a range of 4.6%-42.9%among different treatments.The maximum dry weight per plant was 6.54-17.50g·plant^-1 at maturity,and the variation range was 15.5%-42.3%among different treatments.However,the effects of sowing rate on the total number of stems and the transport of dry matter from vegetative organs to grains increased with the increase of sowing rate,while the transport of dry matter after anthesis decreased with the increase of sowing rate.In addition,stem lodging at maturity was mainly determined by the first basal internode,and decreased with the increase of sowing rate.The lodging resistance index of wheat at waxy stage was the highest,ranging from 2.5-3.1,with the range of 2.7%-9.3%among different treatments.Meanwhile,the lodging resistance of wheat gradually decreased with the maturity of wheat.2.There was no significant difference in grain filling rate among different sowing rate treatments.At the same time,the grain filling rate reached the maximum at 15 days after grain filling.The effect of sowing rate on Photosynthetic index increased first and then decreased with the increase of sowing rate,and there was no significant difference among different treatments.3.The wheat yield and its yield components were greatly affected by sowing amount.The wheat yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of sowing amount,and the highest yield was 1.07×10⁴kg·hm^-2 under E treatment.At the same time,there was no significant difference in the yield among the other 5 treatments except for A,which was9.86×10³kg·hm^-2-1.07×10⁴kg·hm^-2,while A was significantly lower than other treatments,which was 7.93×10³kg·hm^-2.The number of panicles increased first and then decreased with the increase of sowing amount,and the maximum value was 5.75×10⁶plants·hm^-2,while the number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight decreased with the increase of sowing amount.The number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight were 39.4-51.9 and47.7-51.9g respectively4.Sowing amount had little effect on wheat quality indexes.With the increase of sowing amount,wheat nutritional quality,protein content,wet gluten content,processing quality,sedimentation value,stabilization time,formation time and maximum tensile resistance increased first and then decreased;The highest values were E treatment（13.1%）,E treatment（28.0%）,E treatment（38.6 m L）,E treatment（12.2min.）,D treatment（3.6min.）and B treatment（588.3 EU）,respectively.Nutritional quality,starch content,milling quality,water absorption and powder yield decreased first and then increased,and the highest values appeared in A treatment（56.2%）,F treatment（66.5%）and F treatment（71.0%）,respectively.The bulk density of grinding quality was firstly decreased and then increased,and then decreased and then increased,and the highest value was D treatment(785.3g·L^-1).At the same time,there was no significant difference in wheat quality indexes among different treatments.5.Based on the above analysis,the best sowing density of Xinong 511 in Guanzhong irrigation area was 252 kg·hm^-2,and the yield was 1.07×10⁴kg·hm^-2。...