Study On Botanical Characteristics And Harvest Indexes Of Three Apricot Varieties In Main Producing Areas Of Xinjiang

Xinjiang is the main producing area of apricot in China,with rich germplasm resources and excellent quality,which are deeply loved by consumers.In recent years,there are some problems in the picking of apricot fruits,such as competing for the market and not picking according to the law of fruit development and relying on experience,which lead to the problems of early harvesting of apricot fruits,inconsistent fruit maturity,poor edible quality,etc.,which reduce the inherent quality of apricot varieties and reduce the trust of consumers year by year.In order to provide some technical support for the harvesting of Apricot in Xinjiang,the research materials were early-maturing Suletan Apricot,Luntai White Apricot and Semaiti Apricot,the botanical characteristics of three apricot varieties were observed,and the changes of apricot fruit appearance and internal quality with different maturity were observed,the main quality indexes of apricot fruits with different maturity were analyzed by correlation and principal component analysis,and the indexes that had greater influence on the quality of apricot fruits were screened out,the maturity harvesting index system of three apricot varieties in main producing areas was established to provide theoretical basis and operational judgment indexes for the timely harvesting of apricot fruits.The results are as follows:(1)At the physiological maturity of apricot fruit,the color of early-maturing cultivar Suletan apricot fruit at the development stage of 61 d was orange-yellow,sour and sweet flavor,and the soluble solids content reached 16.80%.The second was Luntai white apricot.The fruit color of 93 d was yellow or light yellow,with sweet flavor and soluble solids content as high as 26.93%.The last is Saimaiti apricot,the fruit development period of 103 d cover color for red or orange,sweet and sour flavor,soluble solids content as high as 21.97%.(2)In actual production,fruit color,fruit size,content of soluble solids and hardness can be used to judge fruit harvesting maturity and determine the appropriate harvest time.Suletan apricot could be harvested from May 15(about 50 Luntai White Apricot d after the flowering stage)to May 21(about 56 d after the flowering stage).The fruit color was yellow-green,the weight of single fruit should be 30.63～37.89g,the hardness should be 7.23～6.56 kg/cm~2,and the soluble solid content should be 9.67～14.24%.The fruits harvested in this harvest period are suitable for long-distance sales outside and within Xinjiang(from Toksun to Shenzhen,Shanghai,Beijing,etc.).The apricot could be harvested from June 15(about 81 d after the flowering stage)to June 23(about87 d after the flowering stage).The fruit is light yellow in color,the weight of single fruit should be12.56～15.86g,the hardness should be 11.98～9.33 kg/cm~2,and the soluble solid content should be16.13～20.08%.Fruits picked at this harvest are suitable for long distance sales.Saimaiti Apricot could be harvested from July 1(about 91 d after the flowering stage)to July 9(about97 d after the flowering stage).The fruit is orange or orange-red in color,the single fruit weight should be28.74-30.90 g,the hardness should be 5.83～3.43 kg/cm~2,and the soluble solid content should be 13.10～18.70%.The fruits harvested in this harvest period can be used as fresh fruit long-distance transportation(Yingjisha to Shandong,Beijing and other places).