The Research On Pollination And Fertilization Biological Characteristics Of Xinjiang Apricot

In order to learn the biological characteristics about pollination and fertilization of Xinjiang apricotvarieties, using Xinjiang planted apricot varieties ‘Luntaibaixing’‘Kumaiti’‘Shushanggan’‘Kalayulvke’‘Dayoujia’‘Kabakehuanna’ as test materials. Lanuched study its floral organs, pollen viability, pollinationand fertilization characteristics, test main findings are as follows:（1）Different varieties have some differences between phenology and floral organ traits. Differentvarieties of flowering florescence basically can meet and last for5～6days, but there dates have1～2daysdisparity. Most of them have white oval petals, purple green or purple calyx, ovary superior, the corolladiameter27～32cm,length of anthemion （integral flower） is14～21cm, length of filament is12～15cm.Six apricots varieties have quite differences integral flower rate, and the rate reach15～98%. The numberof single anther between varieties of apricots is not illustrious, about30～39. But the number of singlepollen between varieties of apricots from67590～20214, which has a wide range. The equator of pollengenerally be rectangular, polar view of pollen is trifid round and its germination ditch is obvious andslender, the edge of the ditch is smooth. The germination holes distributed in a ring belonging to a type ofuniversal joint N₃P₄C₅, outer wall ornamentation is striped and has perforation.（2）The most suitable and basical medium of ‘Kumaiti’‘Shushanggan’‘Kabakehuanna’ pollen growthgenerally is:1%agar+15%sucrose+0.01%boric acid. Most appropriate medium of ‘Luntaibaixing’ is:1%agar+25%sucrose+0.01%boric acid.Most appropriate medium of ‘Kalayulvke’‘Dayoujia’is:1%agar+20%sucrose+0.01%boric acid, its optimum medium pH is6.0, and its optimal temperature is25°C,but the most suitable range of conditions are slightly different among varieties of mediums.（3）The suitable concentration of plant growth regulators play a role in promoting growth of apricotpollen, apricot pollen appears a "low-high-low" growth trend, with the plant growth regulator increased.The optimum range about growth regulator of pollen growth is GA₃（40～80mg/L）, NAA （0.5～1mg/L）,2,4-D （10～20mg/L）,6-BA （0.1～1mg/L）, IAA （1～5mg/L）.（4） Different mineral nutrient elements play different role in the growth of different apricot pollen. Theeffect of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and other elements on the growth of apricot pollen varies with the varieties, and itshowed a significant propagation in the pollen growth of ‘Kumati’ and ‘Shushanggan’. N had no significanteffects on the pollen growth of ‘Luntaibaixing’ and ‘Kabakehunanna’, while there was no significant effectof Mg and K on the pollen growth of ‘Dayoujia’. No significant increase was noted in the pollen growth of‘Kabakehunanna’, so did P to the pollen growth of ‘Kalayulvke’ and ‘Kabakehunanna’. Trace elementsplayed little role on the growth-promoting of apricot pollen, and varied widely in varieties. There was apromoting effect of Mo and Fe on the pollen growth of ‘Shushanggan’‘Luntaibaixing’ and ‘Dayoujia’, sowas Cu and Zn to the pollen growth of ‘Luntaibaixing’.（5）The best pollination of ‘Kumaiti’ and ‘Dyoujia’ is after flowering1day, and ‘Shushanggan’‘Kalayulvke’‘Kabakehuanna’ best pollination is the flowering day. Reasonable spraying suitableconcentration chemical reagent of the different varieties in apricot florescence can effectively overcome theself incompatibility, and achieve to high yield effect.Most apricots take insect pollinators to pollination,they also use wind as supplement. Petals and filaments are the factors that allure insect pollinators.Thespecies of Xinjiang Apricot flower-visiting insect have Bees, Tiphiid wasps, Syrphid flies, Fly, Cabbagebutterfly.