| The donkey breeding industry in China is transitioning from a traditional free-range farming model to large groups of small scale and large-scale farms.However,few studies focused on the feeding technology in large-scale fattening farms.This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects,different concentrate supplementing levels and roughage combinations,on the growth performance and economic benefit of dezhou donkey.In this study,50 male dezhou donkeys,12 months,with similar weight were randomly divided into 10 groups.Treatment groups ?,?,?,?,? were fed according to the body weight of 1%,1.25%,1.5%,1.75%,2% fed concentrate supplementing,respectively.Moreover,all of the roughage were peanut straw,which was fed freely.Treatment groups A,B,C,D and control group E were fed by five different schemes,respectively according to peanut straw,soybean straw,peanut straw: soybean straw =1:2,peanut straw: soybean straw =2:1 and rice straw,and the amount of concentrate supplementing was equal.The trial period was 4 months.According to the experiment results,the conclusions are drawn as below:(1)The concentrate supplementing levels had a significant effect on the average daily gain(P<0.05),the average daily gain of 1.75% group was the highest,but there was no significant difference between 1.5% group and 2% group(P>0.05).Forage intake tends to decrease with the increase of concentrate level,dry matter intake: group 2% > group 1.25% > group 1% > group 1.75% > group 1.5%,feed-to-gain ratio: group 1.5% < group 1.75% < group 2% < group 1.25% < group 1%.There was no significant difference in body length,body height,hip width and rump width at different months of age in the treatment group(P>0.05),there was no significant difference in chest circumference data between 12 and 14 months of age(P>0.05),but significant differences in the data of 15-16 months of age,as lager as higher concentrate supplementing level.In terms of the effects of different concentrate supplementing levels on the body size index of fattening donkeys,there was no significant difference in body length index,body trunk index,rump width index and fattening index measured at each month(P>0.05),but the rump index and fattening index showed certain trends.During the whole fattening period,the rump index ranged from high to low is : group 1.5% > group 1.75% > group 2% > group 1.25% > group 1%,and the fattening index ranged from high to low is: group 2% > group 1.75% > group 1.5% > group 1.25% > group 1%.It can be inferred that group 1.5% and group 1.75% have better comprehensive indexes than other groups.(2)Among the five groups treated with different levels of concentrate supplementing,the price-to-gain ratio of group 1.5% was the lowest,and the order from low to high was group 1.5% < group 1% < group 1.25% < group 1.75% < group 2%.When the amount of concentrate supplementing increased from 1% to 1.5%,the average daily gain increased from 0.42 kg to 0.54 kg with a growth rate of 28.57%.and the daily gain profit increased from 7.57 yuan to 10.27 yuan,with a growth rate of 36.66%.However,when the amount of concentrate supplementing increased from 1.5% to 2% of the weight of the tested donkeys,the average daily gain did not change,and the profit from daily gain decreased from 10.27 yuan to 8.14 yuanwith of decrease rate of 20.74%.It indicated that the reasonable level of concentrate supplementing is the key factor to improve the profit of donkey farm.(3)In the experiment of different roughage combinations,there was no significant difference in average daily gain between each treatment group in the first 1-3 months of the fattening period(P>0.05).The average daily gain in the fourth month treatment,group D(peanut straw: soybean straw =2:1)was significantly lower than that in group A,B and C(P<0.05),which may have a negative combined effect.From the perspective of the whole fattening period,there was no significant effect on the average daily gain between each treatment group(P > 0.05).In the experiment,the feed intake of treatment group B(soybean straw)was lower than that of the other four groups,and the ratio of concentrate-forage and feed-gain was higher than that of the other four groups.The body size and body size index of fattening donkeys were not significantly affected by different roughage combinations(P > 0.05).(4)Among the five experimental groups,the price-gain ratio was as follows: group B(soybean straw)< group C(peanut straw: soybean straw =1:2)< group D(peanut straw: soybean straw =2:1)< group A(peanut straw)< control group E(rice straw);daily gain income: group B(soybean straw)= group C(peanut straw: soybean straw =1:2)= group D(peanut straw: soybean straw =2:1)> group A(peanut straw)> control group E(rice straw);daily gain profit: group B(soybean straw)> group C(peanut straw: soybean straw =1:2)> group D(peanut straw: soybean straw =2:1)> group A(peanut seedling)> control group E(rice straw).Compared with other experimental groups,treatment group B(soybean straw)had the best economic benefit.However,since different roughage combinations had no significant effect on average daily gain during fattening period,the influence of different roughage combinations on economic benefit may mainly come from feed intake and forage purchase unit price.To sum up,the recommended concentrate supplementing level in the fattening period of dezhou donkey was 1.5% of its body weight.Peanut straw or soybean straw are recommended for the roughage.Moreover,traw and soybean straw can also be fed in different proportions.However,forage cost and other factors are always considered in actual production,peanut straw and soybean straw mixed by the ratio of 2:1 should be avoided as far as possible at the later stage of fattening. |
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