Impact Of Structural Differentiation Of Small-scale Farmers On Farmers' Willingness To Participate In The New Round Of Returning Farmland To Forest

Since the implementation of the new round of policy,the ecological situation of Shaanxi Province has improved year by year,the number of sandstorm days has decreased,and the forest coverage has increased.At the same time,the government has also invested a lot of human and material resources and financial resources to maintain the results of the policy.Farmers' willingness to participate is the key factor to determine policy performance.However,with the accelerating process of urbanization and industrialization,the degree of farmers' dependence on land and the degree of input to land factors have also been greatly different,and the differentiation among farmers has gradually taken place,resulting in their willingness to participate in the scale and management and protection of the policy of returning farmland to forest.Based on this background,this paper studies the influence of structural differentiation of small-scale farmers on their willingness to participate in the new round of conversion.On the basis of the existing literature,through the questionnaire survey of 501 households in 8 counties of Shaanxi Province,combined with the theory of social differentiation and planning behavior,the paper further analyzes the influencing factors of different types of farmers' willingness to participate in the conversion of farmland to forest under the background of structural differentiation of small-scale farmers,as well as the overall influence of structural differentiation of small-scale farmers on their willingness to participate in the conversion of farmland to forest.First of all,the status quo of conversion of farmland to forest in the sample area is summarized,including the scale of conversion of farmland in the sample area,the regional difference of the willingness to convert farmland,the degree of tree management and protection and the growth status,and the characteristics of the conversion plot.Based on the classification method of structural differentiation of small-scale farmers by Guo Xiaoming and cluster analysis method,according to the two dimensions of land dependence and factor input intensity,the farmers are divided into four types: exit type,part-time type,development type and self-sufficiency type,and the characteristics of each type of farmers are analyzed.According to the theory of planned behavior,34 variables are selected from three aspects of behavior attitude,subjective norm and perceptual behavior control,and the principal component analysis method is used to reduce dimensions.Seven principal components,namely,personal characteristics,management and protection barriers,policy cognition,perceived risk,perceived ecological value,perceived social value and perceived economic value,are obtained as the main components of various types of farmers' willingness to participate in returning farmland to forest Factors to be affected.Using ordered logit to analyze the influencing factors of various types of farmers' willingness to participate.Finally,using structural equation model to analyze the overall impact of structural differentiation of small-scale farmers on their willingness to participate in the following conclusions:(1)structural differentiation of small-scale farmers generally has a negative impact on their willingness to participate in the conversion of farmland,with strong willingness to quit and part-time farmers and weak willingness to manage and protect;development and self-sufficient farmers have weak willingness to return to farmland,and their willingness to manage and protect is relatively strong Weak.(2)The main factors that affect the willingness of exit type farmers to participate are management barriers,and the main factors that affect the willingness of part-time farmers to participate are the impact of the policy of returning farmland to forest on their income.The main factors that affect the willingness of developing farmers are perceived economic value and policy cognition.The main factors that affect self-sufficient farmers' willingness to participate are perceived ecological value and policy cognition.Therefore,the following suggestions are put forward: in the exit type farmers concentration area,the centralized management and protection policy can be implemented to reduce the management and protection obstacles of farmers;in the development type farmers concentration area,the infrastructure construction such as access road,express delivery,e-commerce platform construction can be strengthened to make it reach a satisfactory income level in forestry;in the self-sufficient farmers concentration area,the farmers should be fully respected Will,in the case of low level of rural elderly care,reduce the local indicators of returning farmland appropriately,so that they can maintain their livelihood.The part-time farmers are more flexible.If there are more non-agricultural employment opportunities,they will choose to go out to work.If there are less non-agricultural employment opportunities,they will still choose agricultural farming,which is in a dynamic change process.Therefore,for these farmers,we should try to improve their non-agricultural employment ability.