Study On Seedless Aroma Character And Breeding For Seedless With Aroma Grape Varieties Using Embryo Rescue

Seedless and aroma are two independent characteristics of grape.Seedless aroma grapes have become the general trend of international grape production and consumption in recent years due to their unique advantages in the fields of fresh food,dried food and winemaking.Therefore,it has become one of the main goals of grape breeding to superimpose seedless and scented traits,and to cultivate a new seedless grape variety with muscat aroma and stable quality.In this study,5 seedless grape varieties were used as the female parent,and 6 rose-scented varieties were used as the male parent.13 seedless muscat aroma hybrid combinations were configured.Before which the fruit aroma substances in the scented muscat parents were determined by headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry.After field hybridization,the hybrid ovules were cultured in vitro using embryo rescue technology.The molecular marker technology was used to select the seedless characteristic of F1 hybrid lines in the early stage.The main findings are as follows:1.Selection of scented parents: A total of 80 volatile compounds were detected in the fruits of 10 fresh table grapes.Among them,the scented substances that determine the fragrance of muscat are mainly geraniol and linalol and other enterpenoids,and the content range of the 8 muscat varieties was 0.0246?1.3824?g/g,the highest content among the eight muscat aroma varieties was ' Pearl of Csaba';C6 compounds such as esters,aldehydes,etc.,which have a high content of volatile compounds in fruits,are commonly found in fruits of muscat and non-muscat scented varieties,but it is the terpenoids that determine the muscat scent of fruits.2.Configured with a seedless scent hybrid combination: According to the determination results of aroma substances,the hybrid combinations of varieties with high content of fragrance substances in scented muscat were selected.Embryo rescue was used to obtain 1284 hybrid strains,which were transplanted into 697 viable plants.In the hybrid combination,the seedling rate was higher when the female parent was 'Ruby seedless' and 'Flame seedless','Aishenmeigui' and 'Red Alexander' had better embryo rescue effect when they are chose to be male parent.Among them,'Ruby Seedless' × 'Aishenmeigui' had the highest embryo development rate and seedling rate,which were 48.59% and 51.71%;'Ruby Seedless' and 'Flame Seedless' are suitable as the female parent material for embryo rescue breeding,and 'Muscat Hamburg','Aishenmeigui' and 'Red Alexander' are suitable as the male parent material.3.In vitro culture and seedling formation of young embryos: The results of the study prove that a good embryo rescue result can be obtained after dark culture for 8 weeks,that is,most embryos develop into torpedo-shaped,and inoculation of torpedo-shaped and cotyledon-shaped embryos can ensure embryo development rate and the seedling rate is higher.4.Optimization of embryo germination medium composition: Immature embryos were inoculated to WPM as the basic medium,and the germination rate was the highest when 1.0 mg / L KT + 0.5 mg / L NAA + 1.0 mg / L ZT growth regulator was added,which was 56.67%,which was higher than the control 23.34%;WPM culture adding KT and ZT to the root germination medium can promote root growth and development.5.Identification of seedless molecular markers of hybrid seedlings: For 101 of these strains,the non-nuclear gene probes GLSP1-569 and the non-nuclear molecular markers SCF27-2000 and SCC8-1018 were used to detect the non-nuclear traits.Specificity was detected in 27 strains using different markers.Bands,it is initially determined that the above carry the nuclear-free specific bands as seedless lines.In summary,a total of 697 hybrid lines were obtained from seedless muscat grape embryo rescue breeding.101 of them were identified by seedless molecular markers,of which 27 were found to be able to amplify specific bands in different primers.The varieties suitable for use as female parent were 'Ruby Seedless' and 'Flame Seedless',and the varieties suitable for use as breeding male parent were 'Aishenmeigui','Alexander' and 'Muscat Hamburg'.The optimized embryo germination medium was WPM+1.0mg/L KT+0.5mg/L NAA+1.0mg/L ZT.