| Objectives To explore the possible changes of dust after entering the human body,we compared the apparent morphology,the composition,the dispersion,the content of Si O2 and the ability to produce free radical of the dust in the different groups pneumoconiosis' lung lavage fluid.And we also compared the apparent morphology,the composition,the dispersion,the content of Si O2 and the ability to produce free radical of the dust in the lung lavage fluid and the dust in the workplace.Methods In this study,41 patients who met the inclusion criteria were collected,and all their lung lavage fluid were collected.After filtration,centrifugation and precipitation,the sediment was treated by hydrochloric acid digestion or repeated freezing and thawing.And the same method was used to deal with the field dust.Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)was used to observe the apparent morphology of the field dust and the dust from the whole lung lavage.Optical microscope was used to count field dust and dust from the whole lung lavage.Infrared spectroscopy was used to detect the silica content of dust and the dust from the whole lung lavage.The content of fourteen metals and metal like elements of dust and the dust from the whole lung lavage was detected by using fluorescence spectrophotometer.We compared and analyzed the difference of dust in lavage fluid in different groups,and the difference between the field dust and the dust in patients' lung lavage fluid.Results 1 General results displayed that the amount of dust from the whole lung lavage fluid of the patients who were exposed to dust higer than that who had escaped from dust(P<0.05).There were more dust in the whole lung lavage fluid of pneumoconiosis patients with grade one than that of the pneumoconiosis patients with grade three(P<0.05).2 SEM images showed that the dust particles in the lung lavage fluid of the coal miners were clusters of mineral aggregates,and the surface of the dust was rough.The dust in the lung lavage fluid of the patients of the tunneling work were mostly irregular,flaky,columnar,and massive dust,the dust particles were scattered in the form of mineral monomers,the dust surface was relatively smooth and the edge was sharp.The apparent morphology dust in lung lavage fluid of patients who were exposed to dust and that who had escaped from dust was similar.There were scattered globular dust distribution in the dust of the patients who were exposed to dust.The irregular dust scattered in the lung lavage fluid of patients with shorter dust exposure time.There were many irregular shapes of dust with edges and corners.There were many irregular shapes of dust with edges and corners.Compared with the dust in the lung lavage fluid of the pneumoconiosis patients with grade one and two,the dust in the lung lavage fluid of the patients with grade three were mostly irregular prism.There were more dust and large particles in the field,and most of them were spherical.The large particle size of dust underground coal mine was mostly spherical and dispersed in rod shaped and cone-shaped dust.While,the dust in the lung lavage fluid of patients were irregular,angular and sharp,and even needle like.3 The dispersion results of dust showed that the dust particle size in the lung lavage fluid of coal mining workers was 65.0% in the range of D < 2?m,while the dust particle in the lung lavage fluid of the tunneling worker was 70.2% in the range of 2<D?5?m(P<0.05).The particle size of dust in lung lavage fluid of patients who were exposed to dust was 62.0% in the range of 2<D?5?m,and the particle size of dust in lung lavage fluid of patients who had escaped from dust was 57.0% in the range of D?2?m(P<0.05).The dust particle size in the lung lavage fluid of the patients exposed to dust for less than 15 years was 65.2% in the range of D?2?m,while the dust particle size in the lung lavage fluid of the patients exposed to dust for more than 15 years was 64.2% in the range of 2<D?5?m(P<0.05).The dust particle size was 65.0% in the range of D?2?m in the lung lavage fluid of patients with grade one,the dust particle size was70.9% in the range of2<D?5?m in the lung lavage fluid of patients with grade two,and the dust particle size were 51.2% and 48.8% in the range of D?2?m and2<D?5?m in lung lavage fluid of patients with grade three(P<0.05).The dust particle size was 82.1.% in the range of D?2?m in the lung lavage fluid of patients,while the field dust particle size was 45.3% in the range of D?2?m(P<0.05).4 The results of infrared spectrum detection of Si O2 showed that the silica content of dust in the lung lavage fluid of the tunneling workers were higher than that of the coal mining workers(P<0.05).The silica content of dust in the lung lavage fluid of patients were similar to the field dust(P>0.05).5 Results of 13 metals and metal like elements detected by ICP-MS showed that there was no difference in element contents of dust in lung lavage fluid between different patient groups.The contents of magnesium,aluminum,silicon,chromium,chromium,manganese,nickel,copper,zinc,arsenic,cadmium,antimony and plumbum in dust from patients' lung lavage fluid were lower(P<0.05)than that in the field dust,and the content of iron were higher than that in the field dust(P<0.05).6 The result of the amount of free radicals produced by the dust showed that the amount of free radicals produced by the dust from the patients who had escaped from dust dust were higher than that of the patients who were exposed to dust,the amount of free radicals produced by the dust from patients with grade two and three were higher than that from patients with grade one,and the amount of free radicals produced by the dust from patients was higher than that of field dust.Conclusions 1 The dust with irregular shape and smaller particle size is more likely to in alveoli and bronchioles.2 After the mineral dust enters the patient's body,the contents of Al,Si,Cr,Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Sb and Pb decreased,while the content of Fe increased.3 As dust entered the body,large particles were discharged from the body,small size and irregular dust accumulate in the alveoli and bronchioles,and some elements in the dust were reduced or increased,resulting in the ability of dust derived from the lung lavage fluid of the patient to produce free radicals in the phosphate buffer solution were higher than that of the field dust. |
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