Study On Pollution Status Of Dust And Prevalence Of Pneumoconiosis In Underground Coal Mine Of A Mining Group

ObjectiveTo understand the dust-proof effect of the work place and characteristics of pneumoconiosis after the reform of coal mine production technology and dust-proof measures,we analysis the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of pneumoconiosis from 1958 to 2017 in Huaibei coal mine,and the dust pollution status in underground mine.At the same time,it will provide further scientific basis and theoretical support for dust control measures and pneumoconiosis management in coal mine,and further reduce dust hazards to dust exposed workers.MethodsThe subjects were pneumoconiosis who began to work in undergroud dust exposure since founding of the mine.The data of diagnosed with pneumoconiosis were from the pneumoconiosis reporting system.type of work,dust exposure years,combined tuberculosis,death,etc.Dust data from 2010 to 2018 was from Detection and Evaluation Center,and coal mine ventilation department.Through the occupational health site investigation,we can understand the production process,dust prevention measures,and work system,etc.All pneumoconiosis data were imported into Excel,and used SPSS 23.0statistical analysis,normal distribution data were described by(Mean±SD),and non-normal distribution data were described by median(interquartile range).The t test was used to compare in two groups.The analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for nonparametric test.The?~2 test was used to compare the data of the counts.The Cox regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of pneumoconiosis death and deterioration,and the unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis.The difference was statistically significant at P<0.05.ResultsComprehensive mechanical mining were fully applicated in the Huaibei coal mine.According to geological conditions,the tunneling was mainly based on comprehensive excavation,also using digging and blasting.All workers were equipped with 3M dust masks that meet the standards.Coal mining was mainly coal dust in underground,and excavation surface was mainly silica dust.Pollution of dust in driver's position is the most serious in coal mining surface.Exceeding standard rate of the total dust concentration was 68.6%,and that of respiratory dust concentration was 49.9%in coal mine.Meanwhile the exceeding standard rate of the total dust concentration was 70.7%,and that of respiratory dust concentration was 55.6%in tunneling area.There were significant differences in the respirable dust concentration and total dust concentration by different tunneling method(Z=-3.418,-2.815,P<0.05).A total of 4,856 cases of pneumoconiosis were detected.The incidence was mainly in the stage?pneumoconiosis,and the age of onset was mainly above 45 years old.The rate of leaving dust exposure diagnosed in all cases was still as high as 38.8%.The average of total dust exposure years was 23 years,the average age of onset was 51 years old,and the average age at the first dust-exposed was 23 years old.And tunnelers and stage III pneumoconiosis had the shortest dust exposure years.With the progress of different first year of dust exposure,the dust exposure years was gradually shortened,and the age of onset was also younger,and the age of first exposure was later.The multi-factor Cox regression showed that the later of first exposure,the lower the risk of the occurrence of the deterioration,and the first dust exposure in the 1980s,the risk RR of was only 0.022(95%CI=0.005~0.087).The older the age of first dust exposure,the younger the age of onset,the higher the risk of deterioration after illness.The rate of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis was13.6%,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the work type,the first diagnosis stage,and age at the first dust-exposed was the risk factor of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis.The years of first exposure and the age of onset were the protective factors,The cumulative death number of pneumoconiosis was 1100,of which709 died of pneumoconiosis or pneumoconiosis complications,and fatality rate was14.6%.The average age of death was 66 years old.The top 3 causes of pneumoconiosis death were simple pneumoconiosis,pneumoconiosis-tuberculosis and pulmonary heart disease in all cases.Multi-factor Cox regression analysis showed that The risk of death of pneumoconiosis in stage?was 2.4 times of stage?.The risk of death of pneumoconiosis in stage?was 2.0 times of stage?(P>0.05).Compared with the age of first exposure who was younger,older people have a higher risk of death.with the advance of the years of first exposure,the risk of death decreases exponentially.ConclusionThe dust pollution in Huaibei underground mine has been effectively improved,and the dust concentration has obviously decreased,but there are still some place that exceed the national standards.Under the existing conditions,the main polluted areas are the position of shearer driving,the position of the tunneling driving,as well as the drilling and dirt exclusion.In order to more realistically reflect the actual exposure of workers,and further study the relationship between dust exposure and response in the new era,dustproof and dust-falling should be further strengthened.meanwhile,the number of dust concentration detection posts and individual dust sampling should be increased.the type of work,the stage of first diagnosis and the age of first exposure are the risk factors for the occurrence of pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis;and combined tuberculosis,diagnosis of leaving dust exposure,stage of first diagnosis and age of first dust exposure are risk factors for death of pneumoconiosis.