The Construction And Application Of Education Path For Diabetic Patients Based On Health Belief Model

ObjectiveTo understand the present situation and influencing factors of diabetic patients’ dietary compliance,and to establish the clinical path of dietary health education for diabetic patients by combining the theoretical framework of health belief model,and to carry out systematic and individualized health education for diabetic patients.To explore the effect of dietary compliance,dietary knowledge,health belief and various biochemical indexes of diabetic patients with education path for diabetic patients based on health belief model.At the same time,to improve the diabetic diet compliance,improve the level of nursing to provide a theoretical basis.MethodsThe researchers investigated the status and influencing factors of dietary adherence in diabetic patients.Based on the results of the first part of the study and the literature review and semi-structured interviews,the first draft of the path of dietary compliance health education for diabetic patients was formed,and the path of health education was revised through expert consultation.So as to form the final draft of the path of dietary compliance health education for diabetic patients used in the third part of the intervention study.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,104 diabetic patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected.The subjects were randomly divided into control group and intervention group with 52 cases in each group.In the control group,the routine health education was adopted.On the basis of this,the intervention group implemented health education according to the diet health education path of diabetic patients based on the health belief model.The changes of glycosylated hemoglobin,triglyceride,cholesterol,body mass index,dietary compliance,dietary knowledge and health beliefs of patients with diabetes were measured before intervention,three months after intervention and six months after intervention.Spss21.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results1.Diabetic patients have poor diet compliance.The average score of dietary compliance of 774 diabetic patients was 8.42 ±2.32,of which and the poor(5-7 points)accounted for 28.2%,while the middle(8-11 points)accounted for 54.2%,and the good(greater than 12 points)was 3.8%.Single factor analysis showed that age,on-the-job situation,education level,per capita monthly income,medical expenses,fasting glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,whether to participate in health education,health beliefs,self-efficacy,social support,diabetes knowledge have an effect on patients with diabetes diet adherence(P<0.01);Multivariate regression analysis results showed that the influence factors of patients with diabetes diet adherence include: health belief,self-efficacy,social support,diabetes knowledge,age,education level,six factors can explain 47.2% of the total variation rate,one of the biggest influence factors for health beliefs.2.Based on the health belief model,the investigator constructs diabetes diet adherence of health education path.This path in draft includes two parts during hospitalization and extended care.3.The third part is the application of education pathway in diabetic patients.3months after intervention,the scores of dietary compliance in the intervention group and the control group were 12.74 ±2.20 and 10.96 ±2.12,the scores of diabetic diet knowledge were 18.15 ±3.44 and 15.34 ±4.12,respectively.6 months after intervention,the scores of dietary compliance in the intervention group and the control group were13.96 ± 1.89 and 11.14 ± 2.12,the scores of diabetic diet knowledge were 16.12±3.25 and15.44±3.95.The scores of dietary compliance and diabetes knowledge were significantly different between the two groups at 3 and 6 months after intervention(P < 0.05).3 months after intervention,the scores of health belief in the intervention group and the control group were 90.15 ±5.44 and 79.30 ±5.01.6 months after intervention,the scores of health belief in the intervention group and the control group were 93.12 ± 4.25 and 80.44 ±5.95.The scores of health belief in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 3 months and 6 months after intervention,and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).Six months after intervention,the decrease of body mass index,cholesterol,triglyceride and glycosylated hemoglobin in the two groups was significantly lower than that in the control group(P < 0.05).Conclusion1.Diabetic patients have poor diet compliance.2.Diabetes diet adherence influence factors include: health belief,self-efficacy,social support,diabetes knowledge,age,cultural degree,six factors can explain 47.2% of the total variation rate,one of the biggest influence factors for health beliefs.3.The education pathway concerning dietary compliance based on the health belief model can improve the dietary compliance of diabetic patients.