Research Progress Of Guillain-Barré Syndrome In Immunological Pathogenesis

Guillain-Barre syndrome(GBS)was initially described in 1916 by the French neurologist Guillain for the first time.Nearly a hundred years of clinical summary and experimental research make people's understanding greatly improved on the clinical classification,pathogenesis,treatment methods and other aspects of the GBS.The exact etiology and pathogenesis of GBS is not yet clear,but a lot of triggering events or proinfection can be observed.GBS is an acute inflammatory lesion of the immune response to these factors,and it is generally believed that humoral and cellular immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.The molecular simulation theory shows that the anti-ganglioside antibodies which aim at peripheral nerve fiber play an important role in nerve injury.Axonal GBS by anti ganglioside antibodies blocking Na~+channel node of Ranvier axons caused by nerve dysfunction.Especially in the initial stages of the disease,a large number of lymphocytes and a considerable macrophage can be found infiltrate around the peripheral neuropathy,after these cells activation,they can produce large amounts of inflammatory cytokines in the local lesion to mediate immune injury,besides immune cells and cytokines formed extensive and complex interlaced network.The efficacy of plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of GBS has been validated by international large-scale randomized trials,and some new treatments are also being carried out.This paper mainly gives an overview of the immunological pathogenesis of GBS on etiology,pathology,host factors,pathogenesis are summarized,briefly discusses its relationship with GBS,to provide possible new direction for immune therapeutic strategy for treatment of GBS.