Characteristic Analysis Of Auditory-Vestibular Function In Patients With Vestibular Migraine

Objective: To investigate the hearing and vestibular function of patients with vestibular migraine(VM).Methods: 80 patients with VM were collected from clinical vertigo diagnosis and treatment center affiliated to the first Hospital of Dalian Medical University.All the patients were examined with detailed medical history:examination of the ears,pure-tone audiometry test(PTA),caloric test and video head pulse test(vHIT).Simultaneously,53 patients with possible vestibular migraine(PVM)were examined with the same test as those with confirmed VM.The differences of auditory function and vestibular function between VM and PVM were analyzed statistically.There was no significant difference in age between the two groups after the balance test between the two groups.Results: There are four types(1)General status: the ratio of male to female in confirmed VM was 1: 3.44.The age of female patients ranged from 18 to 75 years old and the average age of female patients was 50.47 ±13.02 years old.The positive rate of systemic disease was 57.5%.There were 49 patients with tinnitus,including 24 patients with chronic tinnitus(course > 12 months)(30%,24/80).(2)Characteristics of auditory function in patients with confirmed VM:(1)30 of 80 patients with abnormal PTA(the abnormal rate is 37.5%,30/80),17 of 30 patients with abnormal PTA value had bilateral ear abnormalities(the abnormal rate is 56.7%,17 / 30).(2)Abnormal degree of PTA in 80 cases(160 ears):40 ears with mild hearing loss(25%,40/160),5 ears withmoderate hearing loss(3.1%,5/160),2 ears with severe hearing loss(1.3%,2/160)and no patients with severe hearing loss.Mild hearing loss was predominant in patients with confirmed VM.(3)Hearing loss types in 80 cases(160 ears):The hearing loss rates of 160 ears at high frequency,low frequency,middle frequency and full-frequency were 33.8%,1.9%,6.3% and 6.3%,respectively.(3)Vestibular function in patients with confirmed VM:(1)Of the 80 patients with confirmed VM,4 were abnormal in the saccade test(the abnormal rate is 5%,4/80),1 was abnormal in the tracking test(the abnormal rate is 1.25%,1/80),and 6 were abnormal in the optokinetic test(the abnormal rate is 7.5%,6/80).(2)The abnormal rate of CP in caloric test was 32.5%(26/80),the abnormal rate of bilateral semicircular canal dysfunction was 16.3%(13/80);(3)The abnormal rate of vHIT test was 31.3%,another 31 cases(38.8%,31/80)vHIT value was high gain.(4)Similarities and differences between confirmed VM patients and PVM patients:After statistical analysis,there was no statistical difference between the two groups in the abnormal rate of PTA,CP value in caloric test and vHIT test(P =0.760,0.202,0.717,respectively);While,there was a statistical difference in hearing loss between the two groups(P<0.05),the types of hearing loss were also statistically different(P<0.05).Conclusions:(1)33.8% of the patients with VM had hearing loss,mainly at high frequency.(2)The concomitant rate of chronic tinnitus in patients with VM was30%.(3)The abnormal rate of vestibular function in patients with VM was31.9%.(4)There was no significant difference in hearing and vestibular function between VM and PVM.