| Objective:Fully understand the implementation background and system connotation of the "two-child comprehensive" policy in Shanxi Province,understand the fertility status and intention of women of childbearing age in Shanxi Province,analyze the influencing factors of fertility willingness of women of childbearing age.In order to further mobilize the fertility enthusiasm of women of childbearing age,promote the effective implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy and improve the family planning policy to provide reference suggestions.Methods:In the unified arrangement and organization of the Shanxi Provincial Family Planning Association,the stratified cluster random sampling method was used to extract the research objects: the survey covers 50 counties in 11 cities of Shanxi Province,including would county,mountainou area,poverty-stricken county,urban and industrial and mining areas and counties in all areas,at least 100 women of childbearing age(15-49)were randomly selected from each sample county,and 5368 questionnaires were filled out.According to the self-designed of "the whole province women of childbearing age fertility intention questionnaire",the questionnaire includes four aspects:one is the basic personal information,including family address,age,education,employment,etc;the second is family information,including the family economy,spouse employment situation,etc;the third,fertility status and fertility willingness,main research content for the fertility statusand personal fertility willingness;fourth,the enjoyment of maternity services,the main investigation is the situation of all kinds of care services enjoyed by the respondents after the implementation of the two-child policy.The collected questionnaires were double-entered using EpiData3.1 software.The database was established for the effective questionnaires.SPSS20.0 software was used to conduct a descriptive analysis on the fertility behavior,fertility intention and fertility and parenting services of the sample population,and a single-factor chi-square test and a multifactor logistic regression analysis were conducted on the influencing factors of fertility intention of the sample population. Results:1.In the absence of any objective constraints,the ideal number of children of the sample population is 2(77.97%),and the ideal gender structure is 1 male and 1 female(67.39%).The average ideal number of children is 1.83,which is lower than the 1.96 average ideal number of children of chinese women of childbearing age in2017.2.The actual number of children born to the sample population is 1(56.01%),and the average number of children born is 1.29,which is lower than the ideal number of children(1.83),indicating that the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy still has its due effect.3.According to the survey,there are 2019 people(50.73%)who are willing to have two children.The second child’s willingness to give birth is not very high.Among the gender selection of the second child who want to have a child,41.80% choose girls and22.09% choose boys,which indicates that the traditional "preference for boys" has weakened,"girl preference" is gradually higher than "boy preference",but that doesn’t mean it’s better to favor women over men;As for the time when they wish to have a second child,51.51% of them choose to have a second child within 3 years.At the same time,the time when the sample population to intends to have a second child is analyzed by age group,and it is found that the older the population is,the earlier they want to have a second child.The main purpose of the sample population to have children is to make thefamily more satisfactory(44.89%),the child can bring spiritual pleasure,emotional satisfaction(44.35%)and make your old life more secure(41.72%).4.The main reasons why the sample population does not want to have a second child are:heavy economic burden(73.38%),no one’s taking care of the kids(34.98%),and it takes too much effort to raise children(25.60%).5.The non-agricultural employment of a unit has an average of 135.78 days of maternity leave when giving birth to two children;61.44% of respondents received the same salary during maternity leave as before,but 5.93% of respondents still received less than 50% during the maternity leave.163 people(69.07)adjusted their jobs because of childbirth,but 38 of them(86.36%)said that they had no effect on their career development.The respondents who knew and received free folic acid reached 91.10%,the awareness rate is higher;A total of 64.83% of the people had received free pre-pregnancy checkups,but 13.98% were still unaware of the policy.6.The study found that the age,marital status,household registration nature,existing child gender,medical insurance,and city location of the sample population were the main factors affecting the fertility willingness of the sample population. Conclusion:1.The number of ideal children of women of childbearing age in Shanxi Province is mainly 2,and the ideal gender structure is mainly "1 male and 1 female",indicating that people still expect to realize the beautiful vision of "having sons and daughters" without considering any objective conditions.To some extent,having one more child can also avoid the risk of "an only child was lost in the family".2.Among the sample,there are 2019 people who are willing to have a second child,accounting for 50.73% of the total number,the two-child fertility intention is not very high,and only half want to have a second child within three years.The transition from fertility intention to fertility behavior may be affected by various factors and then turn to be unwilling to have children for the three years and uncertain fertility time,and effective measures are needed to improve the fertility willingness of the two children and promote the transformation of fertility willingness to reproductive behavior.3.The main reasons why the sample population does not want to have a second child are:"heavy economic burden","no one’s taking care of the kids",and "it takes too much effort to raise children".Therefore,effective measures should be taken to break the important barrier of economy that hinders people from having a second child.At the same time,a complete childcare public service system should be established to encourage more people to have a second child.4.Fewer maternity leave days,wage reduction and job transfer encountered by non-agricultural employees during the period of having a second child do not conform to the provisions of the policy,the government and relevant departments should establish effective inspection mechanisms and complaint channels,and severely punish the employing units that damage the legitimate rights and interests of women,and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of women;At the same time,the government and relevant departments should continue to strengthen publicity and guidance so that more women of childbearing age can know and understand the preferential policies of"free folic acid supplementation" and "free prenatal check-up",to improve the quality of reproduction. |
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