Effects Of Combined Exposure Of Atmospheric PM_2.5 And High-fat Diet On Glucose And Lipid Metabolism In Rats And Its Offspring

Objective To investigate the effects of PM_2.5 and high-fat diet exposure on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats and their offspring.Methods Adult SPF SD rats were selected and mated at 2:1 male and female.Pregnant rats were randomly divided into six groups:control group?CC group,normal diet?,high-fat diet group?HFD group,high-fat diet?,PM_2.5 low-exposure group(L-PM_2.5 group,normal diet),PM_2.5.5 high-exposure group(H-PM_2.5 group,normal diet),high-fat diet+PM_2.5.5 low-exposure group(HFD+L-PM_2.5 group).High fat diet+PM_2.5 high exposure group(HFD+H-PM_2.5 group).The low and high concentrations of PM_2.5 were twice and four times as high as those of PM_2.5 in outdoor environment,respectively.PM_2.5-exposed female rats were exposed to PM_2.5 concentrated in real time in chamber from the 0th day of pregnancy,5hours a day,5 days a week,until the 21st day after birth?PND21?.After weaning,the pups continued to be exposed to PM_2.5 till PND60.The mother rats and the offspring of CC group and HFD group were kept in clean room,and the rats and the offspring exposed to PM_2.5 were also kept in clean room during non-exposure period every day.After weaning,all groups of pups were given normal diet,and were continuously exposed to the original PM_2.5 concentration of mother rat until PND60.At the end of the lactation period of the mother rats,the PND21 and PND60 pups were executed.Glucose tolerance,serum triglyceride,cholesterol,insulin and adiponectin,leptin,TNF-?,IL-6 mRNA in adipose tissue were detected respectively.Results Mother rat:Postpartum blood sugar,HOMA-IR index and triglyceride level of HFD mother rat all increased.PM_2.5.5 and HFD increased the area under the glucose tolerance test curve,the total cholesterol level,the adipocyte area,the expression of leptin,TNF-?and IL-6 mRNA in adipose tissue?P<0.05?,but there was no interaction?P>0.05?.PM_2.5 and HFD decreased adiponectin mRNA level in female rat and had synergistic effect?P<0.05?.PND21 male pups:PM_2.5 and HFD increased serum triglyceride,TNF-?mRNA expression in adipose tissue and adipocyte area in PND21 male rats?P<0.05?,but there was no interaction?P>0.05?.PM_2.5 and HFD decreased adiponectin mRNA level and increased leptin and IL-6 mRNA level in PND21 male rats,and there was a synergistic effect?P<0.05?.PND21 female pups:HFD increased the area under glucose tolerance curve,serum insulin,HOMA-IR and cholesterol in female PND21 rats.PM_2.5 and HFD decreased adiponectin mRNA expression in PND21 female rats?P<0.05?,but there was no interaction?P>0.05?.PM_2.5 and HFD increased serum triglyceride,leptin,IL-6 mRNA level and adipocyte area in PND21 female rats.HFD increased the expression of TNF-?mRNA in PND21 female rats,and there was a synergistic effect between PM_2.5 and HFD.?P<0.05?.PND60 male pups:PM_2.5 and HFD increased serum insulin and HOMA-IR,increased area under glucose tolerance curve,decreased adiponectin mRNA expression,increased TNF-?and IL-6 mRNA expression,and increased adipocyte area in PND60 male rats.HFD increased serum triglyceride and cholesterol in PND60 male rats?P<0.05?,but there was no interaction between PM_2.5 and HFD?P>0.05?.PM_2.5 and HFD increased leptin mRNA level in PND60 rats and there was a synergistic effect?P<0.05?.PND60 female pups:PM_2.5 and HFD increased serum triglyceride and cholesterol,decreased adiponectin mRNA expression,increased IL-6 mRNA expression and increased adipocyte area in female PND60 rats.HFD increased serum insulin and area under glucose tolerance curve?P<0.05?,but there was no interaction between PM_2.5 and HFD?P>0.05?.PM_2.5 and HFD increased the levels of leptin and TNF-?mRNA in female PND60 rats and there was a synergistic effect?P<0.05?.Conclusions 1 High-fat diet and PM_2.5 exposure alone during pregnancy and lactation can lead to abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism,adipose tissue inflammation,adipocyte enlargement and serum insulin elevation in mother rats,PND21 and PND60 pups.2Combined exposure of PM_2.5 and high-fat diet aggravates the effects on glycolipid metabolism,adipose tissue inflammation of mother rats and their PND21 offspring,and glycolipid metabolism of PND60 offspring.3 When exposed to PM_2.5 alone,male rats are more prone to impaired glucose tolerance than female rats.PM_2.5 combined with high-fat diet exposure,compared with male rats,female rat are more prone to adipocyte enlargement,dyslipidemia and adipose tissue inflammation.Figure10;Table32;Reference 120...