Association Of Calcium,Iron,Zinc And Selenium Intakes With Metabolic Syndrome In The US Adults

Objective:Calcium,iron,zinc and selenium,Participating in energy metabolism and enzyme regulation.At present,there are few and controversial studies on the relationship between calcium,iron,zinc and selenium intake with metabolic syndrome at home and abroad.In this paper,a study was conducted to explore the relationship between intake of calcium,iron,zinc and selenium and metabolic syndrome in adults by using the Big Data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of the United States.Method:This research was based on the prevalence study on the National Health and Nutrition Survey of the United States in 2007-2008,2009-2010,2011-2012 and2013-2014,and the subjects were adults aged 20 and over.By means of physical measurement,family questionnaires and physiological and biochemical examinations,the basic information and physical indicators of the survey population can be obtained.24-hour dietary retrospective methods were used to obtain dietary information.We adopted the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Group Third Report Diagnostic Criteria(NCEP-ATP III).The baseline characteristics of metabolic syndrome group and non-metabolic syndrome group were analyzed by student T test,rank sum test and X~2 test.After weighting the data,univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to estimate the association between calcium,iron,zinc and selenium intake and metabolic syndrome.Followed by stratification according to gender(male and female)and total energy intake(low,normal and high energy intake group),univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the correlation between intake of calcium,iron,zinc and selenium in each layer with metabolic syndrome.A restricted cubic spline model was adopted to estimate the association of calcium,iron,zinc and selenium intake with metabolic syndrome and its dose-response relationship.Result:In this study,a total of 1,0075 adults(5,157 males and 4,900 females)aged 20years or older were enrolled.There were 3256 patients with metabolic syndrome,accounting for 32.32%of the total number.After adjusting for age and gender,univariate logistic regression analysis of the association between calcium,iron,zinc and selenium intake and metabolic syndrome showed that increased calcium intake was associated with a decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome.Compared with the lowest intake group,the OR(95%CI)of the highest intake group was 0.71(0.59,0.85),while the increased intake of iron,zinc and selenium were not significantly associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome.Additional adjustment for race,educational level,smoking status,family income,alcohol status and total daily energy intake,total calcium intakes were negatively associated with metabolic syndrome.The multivariate adjusted odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of metabolic syndrome were 0.78(0.64,0.96)for the highest versus lowest quartile of calcium.The multivariate adjusted odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of metabolic syndrome were 1.37(1.06,1.76)for the highest versus lowest quartile of selenium.With RDA as the standard,univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that,compared with those not reaching RDA,there was no statistical significance between the risk of metabolic syndrome and the intake of calcium,iron,zinc and selenium(P>0.05).The results of the restrictive cubic spline model suggested that,after controlling for confounders,selenium intake presented a linear dose-response relationship with the risk of metabolic syndrome,with P values of 0.09.Calcium intake presented a non-linear dose-response relationship with the risk of metabolic syndrome.When selenium intake ranged from 184 mcg/d(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.01-2.45)to 396 mcg/d(OR=2.08,95%CI:1.01-4.27),the risk of metabolic syndrome increased gradually.When the intake exceeded to 396 mcg/d,the risk of metabolic syndrome increased,but there was no statistical significance.With the increase of calcium intake,the risk of metabolic syndrome decreased gradually.After the intake reached 1 270 mg/d(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.45-0.79),the risk of metabolic syndrome tended to be stable.After the intake reached2020 mg/d(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.49-1.01),there was no significant correlation with metabolic syndrome.With the increase of iron intake,the risk of metabolic syndrome gradually decreased to 40 mg/d(OR=0.89,95%CI:0.57-1.40)had the lowest risk of metabolic syndrome,but there was no statistical significance.Nonlinear threshold should be explained.With the increase of zinc intake,the risk of metabolic syndrome decreased gradually.When the intake was 15 mg/d(OR=0.87,95%CI:0.57-1.33),it reached the lowest level.When the intake exceeded 20 mg/d(OR=0.90,95%CI:0.60-1.36),the risk increased,but there was no statistical significance.Conclusion:The results of this prevalence study indicated that calcium intake may be related to the reduction of the risk of metabolic syndrome,and selenium intake may be related to the increment of the risk of metabolic syndrome,while iron and zinc may not be connected with metabolic syndrome.The above results need to be further demonstrated by prospective cohort studies and experimental studies.