The Effect Of Toxicial Element Lead, Cadmium And Nutritional Elements Calcium, Iron, Zinc, Selenium, Copper On The Growth And Development Of PreSchool Children

The survey was a follow -up visit based on the subject of IAEA -The interaction of toxicial and nutritional elements on the growth of pregnant women and fatal. The status of preschool children's intellectual and physical development were added to the original information. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different levels of toxicial elements lead, cadmium and nutritional elements (calcium, iron, zinc, copper, and selenium) on the growth and development of preschool children.General characteristics, children's intellectual and physical development were obtained through questionnaire interview and physical examination. The preschool children's hairs were collected. The levels of calcium and iron in hair were determined by F-AAS, hair lead, cadmium, zinc , selenium and copper were all measured by ICP-MS. Certified Reference Materials and parallel samples analysis were used for quality control.Microsoft Excel 2007 was used for the import of all the data, and SAS 9.1 was applied for statistical analysis. According to the standard of Chinese Children's 13 hair elements reference announced by China trace element scientific research on 15th August,2005,T-test or Analysis variance, analysis of covariance, and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to compare the status of growth and development in preschool children between different group of elements (calcium, iron, zinc, copper, and selenium).The hair lead, cadmium, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and copper of the preschool children ranged from 6.76 to 71.08μg/g, 0.06 to 5.37μg/g, 229.2-2077.7μg/g, 131.1 to 495.5μg/g, 80.34 to 407.9μg/g, 0.09 to 1.45μg/g, 8.30 to 37.44μg/g. The height of preschool children ranged from 92.3 to 115.1 cm, the weight of preschool children ranged from 12.4 to 21.5 kg, the IQ ranged from 73 to 155. Spearman correlation showed that the hair lead of preschool children were both correlated negatively with preschool children's height and IQ ,the hair cadmium of preschool children were both correlated negatively with preschool children's height and IQ, hair calcium of the high hair calcium group were both positively correlated with children's height and weight. Hair iron of preschool children was both positively correlated with children's height and IQ. Hair zinc of the high hair zinc group was both positively correlated with children's height and IQ. Hair selenium of the high hair selenium group was both positively correlated with children's height. Hair copper of the high hair copper group was both positively correlated with children's height and weight.Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that hair lead and cadmium were the multiple influence factors of preschool children's height and IQ, especially when hair lead and cadmium go beyond the upper limit of the reference range. The cord blood calcium was positively correlated with children's height, weight and IQ.The biological mechanisms of the effects of environmental lead ,cadmium and nutritional elements lead, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and copper on preschool children's growth and development are also required to be explored further.