Investigation On The Self-health Management Of 583 Women Of Childbearing Age In A City During Pregnancy

ObjectiveThis paper aims to investigate the knowledge,attitude and behavior of self-health management of perinatal women of childbearing age in pregnancy,to understand the status quo of self-health management of pregnant women,and to analyze the influencing factors of knowledge,attitude and behavior of perinatal women of childbearing age in pregnancy,so as to provide reasonable countermeasures for improving the level of self-health management of perinatal women of childbearing age in pregnancy.MethodsFirst,the method of literature research.Using CNKI database,Wanfang database and Springer database,we searched the literature about the health management of women of childbearing age during pregnancy,and on this basis,we made reference and analysis of the relevant literature to prepare for the determination of reasonable questionnaire options after that.Second,expert consultation method.Before the formal survey,consult experts in the fields of maternal and child health care and health management,give relevant suggestions on the content of the questionnaire design,and invite experts to analyze and evaluate the questionnaire designed later to ensure the scientific nature of the questionnaire.Third,questionnaire survey.A questionnaire survey was conducted in the obstetric clinic of a third-class A hospital.The main contents of the questionnaire included general demographic data,knowledge,attitude and behavior of self-health management.Fourth,statistical analysis.EpiData 3.1 was used to input and sort out the recovered data.SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis.Chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to find out the factors affecting self-health management knowledge,attitude and behavior of women of childbearing age during pregnancy.Finally,AMOS 21.0 is used to construct the structural equation model,verify the influencing factors and analyze the influencing path.Results(1)In terms of self-health management knowledge,the subjects' knowledge of gymnastics,fetal movement and fetal heart rate of pregnant women was not very comprehensive.The awareness rates were 28.1%,23.4% and 39.9% respectively.Among them,the knowledge level of pregnant women aged 25~35 is higher than that of pregnant women aged 15~25(OR=0.272,p<0.001),the knowledge level of pregnant women over 35 is higher than that of pregnant women aged 15~25(OR=0.378,p<0.001),and the knowledge level of pregnant women in high school or secondary school is higher than that of pregnant women below junior middle school(OR=0.131,p<0.001).The knowledge level of pregnant women in college is higher than that of pregnant women in junior middle school and below(OR=0.317,p=0.023),the knowledge level of pregnant women with pregnancy complications is higher than that of pregnant women without pregnancy complications(OR=6.545,p<0.001),the knowledge level of pregnant women with urban household registration is higher than that of pregnant women with rural household registration(OR=0.410,p=0.047),and the knowledge level of pregnant women with general family attention is lower than that of pregnant women with good family attention(OR=0.371,p=0.001).(2)In terms of self-health management attitudes,the subjects paid less attention to selfhealth management and prenatal examination,with an average score of 3.71 and 3.66,respectively.Among them,the attitude level of pregnant women in high school or secondary school is higher than that of pregnant women in junior high school or below(OR=0.287,p= 0.023),the attitude level of pregnant women in college is higher than that of pregnant women in junior high school or below(OR=0.365,p=0.046),and the attitude level of pregnant women with pregnancy complications is higher than that of pregnant women without pregnancy complications(OR=0.425,p=0.003).(3)In terms of self-health management behavior,the subjects scored lower on selfchecked fetal heart sounds,number of self-checked fetal movements,self-regulation of psychological mood and reasonable physical exercise,with an average score of 3.55,3.64,3.66 and 3.71,respectively.Among them,the behavior level of pregnant women in high school or secondary school is higher than that of pregnant women in junior middle school or below(OR=2.501,p=0.023),the behavior level of pregnant women in college is higher than that of pregnant women in junior middle school or below(OR=2.881,p=0.010),the behavior level of pregnant women in two fetuses is higher than that of pregnant women in one fetus(OR=2.471,p=0.019),and the behavior level of pregnant women with bad pregnancy and childbirth experience is higher than that of pregnant women without bad pregnancy and childbirth experience(OR=2.248,p=0.045),positive and optimistic pregnant women had higher behavioral level than those with occasional depression(OR=0.069,p=0.001),and positive and optimistic pregnant women had higher behavioral level than those with frequent depression(OR=0.075,p=0.014).(4)By constructing the structural equation model,we found that age,education level,pregnancy complications and mental health were the main influencing factors of self-health management knowledge,attitude and behavior of women of childbearing age during pregnancy.Among them,education directly affects the level of self-health management during pregnancy.Mental health is a direct factor of self-health management behavior.Age and pregnancy complications indirectly affect self-health management behavior through knowledge and attitude.Therefore,the higher the education level,the higher the level of self-health management;the older the age,the higher the level of self-health management;the more healthy the psychological situation,the higher the level of self-health management;pregnant women with pregnancy complications than pregnant women without pregnancy complications.ConclusionsThe research objects have some deficiencies in the aspects of pregnancy movement,fetal monitoring and psychological adjustment in self-health management during pregnancy.The knowledge level of self-health management needs to be improved,the attitude of self-health management needs to be further corrected,and the behavior of self-health management needs to be strengthened.To improve the self-health management level of women of childbearing age during pregnancy,it needs the joint efforts of individuals,families,government and medical institutions.Individuals should attach importance to prenatal examination,adjust their mentality,conceive at the right age and actively learn the knowledge of prenatal health care;families should actively guide,accompany and correct their mentality;governments and medical institutions should improve the level of health care in medical institutions,improve medical conditions,popularize health knowledge and provide diversified services.