Association Between Exposure To Organophosphorus Pesticides And Health Status Of Workers

Objective To investigate the residues of organophosphorus pesticides on vegetables and soil in vegetable greenhouses in Yinchuan suburb.Methods This study selected the four villages of Heshun,Wuduqiao,Yinhe and Maosheng in the greenhouse cultivation area of Yinchuan City,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as the research site.Each year,four non-repetitive resident groups were randomly selected from the four greenhouses,and the final number was 360.The greenhouse operators,a total of 1080 people in three years,simultaneously used the GC-MS method to detect the organophosphorus pesticide residues in the samples collected in the shed.The SAS9.4software was applied to analyze the general statistics and generalized estimation equations(GEE)of the data.P=0.05 was considered significant.Results(1)Vegetable greenhouses organophosphorus pesticide residue:From 2015 to 2017,the following six organophosphorus pesticides were tested,including ethoprophos,disulfoton,methyl-parathion,fenitrothion,malathion and chlorpyrifos.vegetable residue samples: In 2015,five organophosphorus pesticides were detected,exceeding 3 standards;in 2016,six organophosphorus pesticides were detected,exceeding 6;in 2017,five organophosphorus pesticides were detected,exceeding three.Details are as follows,Malathion and disulfoton were not detected in 2015 and 2017 respectively.Other pesticides were detected in all years.ethoprophos and methyl-parathion exceeded the standard in three years,the exceeding rate of the two pesticides reached 100% In 2016,the exceeding rate of methyl-parathion was 100%In 2017,exceeding standard rate of fenitrothion and malathion was 97.8% and 89.1%respectively In 2016.Six organophosphorus pesticides were detected in 2015,and six organophosphorus pesticides were detected in 2016.Four organophosphorus pesticides were detected in 2017.The details are as follows,soil residue samples: ethoprophos and disulfoton were not detected in 2017,and the remaining pesticides were detected in all years.Among them,the detection rates of disulfoton,methyl parathion,malathion and chlorpyrifos were lower in 2015,6.9%,3.9%,14.2%,and 11.9%,and the detection rate of ethoprophos is 85,8%.The detection rate of all pesticides was high in 2016-2017,and methyl parathion,malathion and chlorpyrifos reached 100%.(2)Questionnaire results: Three-year statistics show that males account for the majority of the greenhouse population,and the age is mainly between 30 and50 years old,accounting for 61.7%,60%,and 61.9% respectively.Education level is mainly concentrated in the uneducated,primary school and junior high school,accounting for 93.6%,92.8% and 95.3% respectively.The proportion of people who can have three meals a day accounts for 59.7%,61% and 55.8% respectively.Most people can have breakfast.Greenhouse planting,The largest number of people planting 1-2 greenhouses were 225(62.5%),241(67%),and 277(76.9%).Most of the greenhouse cultivation time in 2015 and2016 was less than 5 years,which were 209(58.1%)and 188(52.2%)respectively.In 2017,it was mainly concentrated in 5-10 years,accounting for 47.5%.The working hours of greenhouse workers in the three years were mostly more than 300 days,accounting for 52.8%,58.3%,and 56.7% respectively.For three years they ate all but a few of their own vegetables.Pesticide use and protection,In 2015-2017,the majority of people who spray pesticides themselves were 261(72.5%),286(79.4%),and 261(72.5%),the number of people spraying less than 7 days was 72.8.%,58.9%,72.8%,and more than 50% of people sprayed for 1 hour,The number of people using protective masks was the highest in 2015 and 2017,and 46.4%did not use any protective tools in 2016.(3)generalized estimated equations(GEE)model were used to explored the relationship between organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables and soil(interquartile interval group)andoperator’s irritation symptoms, cardiovascular system symptoms,nervous system symptoms and respiratory symptoms.Stimulating symptoms,Shower time after spraying,the time of changing clothes after spraying,wearing protective shoes during spraying,and not standing often in the shed can increase the risk of physical irritation.,ethoprophos,disulfoton,methyl parathion,malathion,and malathion in the soilin and malathion in vegetables are associated with increased risk of irritation.The cardiovascular system,the quality of sleep,the absence of detection in the spray,the way of spray and the increased risk of cardiovascular symptoms,There was no statistically significant association between disulfoton,methyl parathion and fenitrothion in the soil and cardiovascular system symptoms,but the risk of cardiovascular system symptoms increased gradually from Q2 to Q4.malathion in the soil and ethoprophos in vegetables are closely related to cardiovascular symptoms.The nervous system,sleep quality,age,chat,gender are associated with increased risk of developing neurological symptoms,Methyl parathion,fenitrothion,malathion,chlorpyrifos in soil,ethoprophos,methyl parathion,fenitrothion,malathion,chlorpyrifos and nucleus The systemic symptoms are related to increased risk.Respiratory system,plantation age,and the frequency of spraying pesticide related to increase the risk of respiratory symptoms,disulfoton,methyl parathion,fenitrothion,malathion,chlorpyrifos in soil,ethoprophos,methyl parathion,fenitrothion,malathion,chlorpyrifos Both are associated with an increased risk of developing neurological symptoms.Conclusion 1.Pesticide residues were found in vegetables and soil of greenhouses on the outskirts of yinchuan,and the residual amount is high;in vegetables,the detection rate of ethoprophos,methyl-parathion,fenitrothion and malathion is higher;The detection rates of ethoprophos,methyl-parathion,fenitrothion,malathion and chlorpyrifos were higher in the soil.2.Greenhouse operators have low education level,long exposure to pesticides,poor self-protection awareness and irregular use of pesticides.3.Vegetable and soil organophosphorus pesticide residues were associated with symptoms of physical irritation,cardiovascular system,nervous system and respiratory system of greenhouse operators.