| Objective:1.To explore the trend of internal PAHs exposure in pregnancy;2.To explore the association between PAHs exposure during pregnancy and neonatal physical development;3.To explore the trend of neonatal physical development in different birth year.Methods:1035 mother-newborn pairs were recruited from the Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and the Eighth People's Hospital in Taiyuan City between 2009.12-2010.4,2011.12-2012.4,2013.12-2014.4,2015.12-2016.4.Informed consents were obtained from all subjects who enrolled in our study.We conducted a face-to-face question interviews with pregnant women using Maternal and Neonatal Health Questionnaires to obtain demographic data.30-50 mL maternal urine samples were collected,and the specific gravity of urine was measured,then the urine was stored at-80?.50 mL umbilical cord blood sample was collected from the umbilical cord vein.The umbilical cord blood was repackaged into 1 mL cryogenic vials and stored at-80?until analyses were performed.Maternal urinary eleven monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites were detected by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.Umbilical cord blood BPDE-DNA adducts were detected by the high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence method.We applied mean and standard deviation to describe the continuous variables,such as maternal age,maternal BMI during pregnancy,maternal BMI before pregnancy,maternal head circumference,parental age,parental BMI,gestational age,birth weight,birth head circumference,birth length,which were normal distribution.We applied median and interquartile range to describe the continuous variables,such as 2-OHNap,1-OHNap,3-OHFlu,2-OHFlu,2-OHPhe,9-OHPhe,1-OHPhe,1-OHPyr and BPDE-DNA adducts,which were skewed distribution.The detection frequency of 3-OHChr,6-OHChr and 9-OHBap were less than 50%,so the three OH-PAHs were not included in our present analysis.We applied number and proportion describe the categorical variables,such as maternal education status,family income,father smoke status,birth sex,parity,delivery type,intake vitamin during pregnancy,intake fruits during pregnancy,intake milk during pregnancy,cooking or not during pregnancy.We used the generalized linear model and the restricted cubic spline model to evaluate the association between exposure to PAHs during pregnancy and neonatal physical development.Results:In our present study,we recruited 314 mother-newborn pairs in 2009,263 mother-newborn pairs in 2011,259 mother-newborn pairs in 2013 and 199 mother-newborn pairs in2015.There were significant statistical differences in the basic information of mother-newborn pairs,except for maternal BMI during pregnancy,lived more or less than 35m away from arterial traffic,birth sex,gestational age,birth weight and birth cephalization index.There were significant statistical differences in maternal urinary OH-PAHs and umbilical cord blood BPDE-DNA adducts.In general,maternal urinary 1-OHPyr level showed a decreased trend over four years.Maternal urinary 2-OHPhe,9-OHPhe,1-OHPhe,3-OHFlu and 2-OHFlu showed increased trend over four years.The mean value of birth head circumference in 2009,2011,2013 and 2015 was 33.88 cm,34.05 cm,34.32 cm and 33.83cm,respectively;The mean value of birth length was 50.21 cm,50.54 cm,49.58 cm and49.73 cm,respectively;The mean of birth weight was 3393.25 g,3387.50 g,3421.35 g and3410.05 g,respectively;The mean of ponderal index was 2.68 g·cm-3,2.65 g·cm-3,2.83g·cm-3 and 2.78 g·cm-3,respectively;The mean of cephalization index was 101.06 cm·g-1,101.69 cm·g-1,101.30 cm·g-1 and 100.97 cm·g-1,respectively;The mean of Quetelet index was 67.49 g·cm-1,67.04 g·cm-1,68.99 g·cm-1 and 68.45 g·cm-1,respectively.After adjusted for maternal age,maternal BMI during pregnancy,maternal education status,gestational age,birth sex,parity,delivery type,cooking or not during pregnancy,father smoke status,family income,intake vitamin during pregnancy,intake fruit during pregnancy,there were negative correlation between maternal urinary 3-OHFlu and birth head circumference,cephalization index,and the test for trend had statistical significance.One-unit increased in maternal urinary ln?3-OHFlu?was associated with a 0.09 cm,0.48 cm·g-11 decreased in birth head circumference,cephalization index,respectively.Maternal urinary 1-OHPyr had a negative effect on ponderal index,and the test for trend had statistical significance.One-unit increased in maternal urinary ln?1-OHPyr?was associated with a 0.02 g·cm-33 decreased in ponderal index.There were positive correlation between 1-OHNap and ponderal index,1-OHPyr and birth length,and the test for trend had statistical significance.One-unit increased in maternal urinary ln?1-OHNap?,ln?1-OHPyr?was associated with a 0.02 g·cm-3,0.20 cm increased in ponderal index,birth length,respectively.On the whole,maternal urinary 1-OHPyr level showed a decreased trend over four years,and the regression coefficient?the?value?of birth length showed an upward trend.Maternal urinary 9-OHPhe level showed an increased trend,the?value of birth length showed an increased trend.Maternal urinary 1-OHPhe level showed an increased trend,the?value of birth head circumference,ponderal index and Quetelet index showed an upward trend.Conclusion:1.The PAHs internal exposure level showed a trend over four years.2.Exposure to PAHs during pregnancy had adverse effect on neonatal physical development.3.PAHs exposure changes during pregnancy over four years will may cause a trend change in the neonatal physical development index. |
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