Studies On The Quality Differences And Its Causes Of Chansu From Different Origins

Chansu,a valuable traditional Chinese medicine,has a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory and heart-strengthening.It is widely used in clinic.However,Chansu has strong toxicity.The commercial Chansu with uneven quality not only seriously affect the efficacy,but also cause toxic effects,resulting in safety risks.Therefore,the quality control of Chansu is particularly important and urgent.This paper is devoted to the study of the quality differences and its causes of Chansu from different origins.In this paper,after collecting Chansu raw materials(the serosity of Bufo bufo gargarizans)from many regions,the regional characteristics and regularity of the chemical components and contents of the serosity were investigated.Besides,the internal factors leading to the quality differences of the serosity were explored.The anti-tumor effects of the Chansu from different origins were compared at the same time.The specific research work is listed as following:Firstly,the HPLC fingerprint method was established in which 33 characteristic peaks were identified by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS.Then,the origin characteristics of Chansu fingerprints were studied by chemometrics tools,such as similarity analysis,principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis.The results showed that the fingerprint of Chansu had significant geographic characteristics.Therefore,the HPLC fingerprint method established can be used for the study of the origin characteristics and geoherbalism of Chansu.Secondly,7 kinds of bufogenins were selected as quantitative indicators for the quality analysis of toad serosity.A new HPLC quantitative analysis method wassuccessfully established with good results of methodology.Then,the content of bufogenins in serosity from different geographical origins were determined by this method.The regional distribution characteristics and its influencing factors of the serosity quality were explored by a variety of chemometrics.The results showed that the quality of serosity has obvious regional regularity.The closer the geographical location is,the more similar the quality of serosity is.With the increase of geographical distance,the differences of the serosity quality is larger,which may be the result of the long-term evolution of the toad to adapt to the environment.In addition,it is found that the quality of toad serosity is closely related to a variety of climatic factors,among which precipitation is the most important one.With the increase of precipitation,the total content of bufogenins increased.This discovery has good scientific significance and academic value.It not only provides reference information for the construction of breeding environment of medicinal toads,but also reveals the possible impact of climate change on the chemical defense ability and survival of toads,which is helpful to the conservation of toad species and the sustainable use of Chansu resources.Third,the four kinds of Chansu from typical origins were selected as the main research objects based on the results of the quality analysis of Chanu raw materials.The MTT method was used to determine the proliferation inhibitory effects of Chansu extracts on human lung adenocarcinoma cells(A549),human non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cells(NCI-H157),human gastric cancer cells(SGC-7901)and human normal lung epithelial cells(BEAS-2B).The results showed that the anti-tumor efficacy of Chansu from different origins were significantly different at the cellular level.Chansu from different origins may have different treatment advantages for different diseases.This study suggested that the Chansu should be used reasonably according to the purpose of clinical treatment for achieving the reasonable application of the Chansu resources.The research results of this paper include: 1)It is confirmed that Chansu raw materials of different origins has obvious quality differences and the geoherbalism characteristics;2)It is found that the quality of toad serosity is closely related to climatic factors;3)The quality differences of Chansu from different origins can affectantitumor effects.These results are helpful to the rational development and the safe use of Chansu.