| Research background and objective:Endometrial Carcinoma(EC)is one of the most common malignant tumors of the reproductive system among women in China.Despite the introduction of new treatment methods such as chemotherapy,radiotherapy,hormones and targeted drugs,the majority of patients still have poor prognosis.It is noteworthy that the morbidity and mortality of endometrial cancer are still on the rise,which may be due to a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of disease invasion and metastasis.Therefore,to explore the molecular mechanism of the invasion and progression of endometrial cancer is helpful to identify high-risk groups in patients with endometrial cancer,and is of great significance to improve the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of endometrial cancer.Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition(EMT)is a process in which Epithelial cells acquire changes at the molecular level,leading to the dysfunction of intercellular connectivity and adhesion,and the morphological spindle-shaped transformation to Mesenchymal cells,which may promote the development of cancer cells and color invasion of the surrounding microenvironment.During the EMT process,the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and the tight junction protein ZO-1 were down-regulated.Interstitial markers N-cadherin and Vimentin were up-regulated.Studies have confirmed that EMT is involved in the development,invasion,metastasis and anti-apoptosis of endometrial cancer tumor cells.?-catenin is an important structural component that mediates cell-cell adhesion and is a key factor in the typical Wit signaling pathway in cells.Changes in the structure and signaling of ?-catenin often lead to diseases related to tumor cell metastasis and growth disorders.The location of ?-catenin depends on the state of the Wnt signaling pathway and the expression and distribution of related cadherins.Under normal conditions,the newly synthesized ?-catenin is immobilized by E-cadherin at the junction between epithelial cells and interacts with ?-catenin to indirectly regulate the cytoskeleton.When the Wnt signal is missing,the release of ?-catenin from the adhesive connection,the free?-catenin in the cytoplasm can form a complex with GSK-3?/CKIa,Axin,APC,and be phosphorylated to identify degradation,and the amount of free ?-catenin in the cytoplasm remains at a low level.When the Wnt signaling pathway is activated,the Wnt signaling inhibits the activity of the ?-catenin complex,resulting in increased levels of free ?-catenin in the cytoplasm and the transfer of melt-catenin to the nucleus.In the nucleus,hydrogen-catenin combines with transcription factors from the TCF/LEF family to drive the transcription of the Wnt/?-catenin target genes,thereby affecting cell differentiation,proliferation and apoptosis,and playing a certain role in the occurrence and development of tumors.By studying the ?-catenin and EMT markers E-cadherin,Vimentin in normal endometrium,atypical hyperplasia of endometrium and endometrial carcinoma in the expression,further explore the ?-catenin and EMT markers E-cadherin,Vimentin in its expression in the development of endometrial carcinoma,could help to find the early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma with novel targets.Research methods:Choose between January 2017 and June 2019 in The Second Hospital of Jilin University treatment and complete clinical data of 42 cases of endometrial carcinoma,with 35 cases of normal endometrium and 32 cases of atypical hyperplasia of endometrium specimens were as control group,with immunohistochemical technique in specimen SP method,?-catenin markers associated with EMT-related markers E-cadherin,Vimentin expression.Results:1.The expression levels of ?-catenin and Vimentin in endometrial cancer were significantly higher than those in normal endometrial and atypical hyperplasia endometrial(all P<0.05),and the expression levels of E-cadherin in endometrial cancer were significantly lower than those in normal endometrial and atypical hyperplasia endometrial(all P<0.05),and the expression level difference:?-catenin>e-cadherin>Vimentin.2.The expressions of ?-catenin,E-cadherin and Vimentin in normal endometrium were independent of the proliferation and secretion stages(all P>0.05).3.The patient's age,menstrual status,and depth of muscle infiltration were not correlated with ?-catenin.but were correlated with the histological grade,histological type,operation-pathology stage,and lymph node metastasis of endometrial carcinoma(all P<0.05).E-cadherin was not related to the patient's age,menstrual status and histological type,but was related to the histological grade,depth of muscle infiltration,surgical-pathological stage and lymph node metastasis of endometrial cancer(all P<0.05).Vimentin was not related to the age of patients with menstrual status,histological type and lymph node metastasis,but was related to the histological grade of endometrial carcinoma,the depth of muscle infiltration and the operation-pathological stage(all P<0.05).4.In endometrial cancer,the expression of ?-catenin was negatively correlated with the expression of E-cadherin and positively correlated with the expression of Vimentin.Conclusions:1.The expression of ?-catenin and Vimentin in endometrial cancer group was significantly higher than that in normal hyperplasia endometrial and atypical hyperplasia endometrial,and E-cadherin was in contrast,suggesting that ?-catenin and EMT play an important role in the development of endometrial cancer.2.There was a positive correlation between the positive rate of ?-catenin and the histological grading and histological type of endometrial cancer.The positive rate of ?-catenin was positively correlated with surgical staging and lymph node metastasis.The positive rate of E-cadherin was negatively correlated with the histological grade,depth of muscle infiltration,surgical-pathological stage and lymph node metastasis of endometrial carcinoma.The positive rate of Vimentin was positively correlated with the histological grade,the depth of muscle infiltration and the surgically pathological stage of endometrial carcinoma.It is suggested that the positive rate of Vimentin is related to earl carcinogenesis and tumor cell invasion and metastasis,which is an important basis to judge the malignancy degree of endometrial cancer and whether it is easy to metastasize.3.The expression of ?-catenin and E-cadherin in endometrial cancer was negatively correlated,and the expression of Vimentin in endometrial cancer was positively correlated,and the expression of ?-catenin may be involved in the development of endometrial cancer by regulating the EMT process.4.The expression of ?-catenin and EMT markers E-cadherin and Vimentin are significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical staging of endometrial cancer.Combined detection of the expression of ?-catenin and EMT markers in endometrial cancer can provide certain reference value for the diagnosis of endometrial cancer and the determination of malignancy,metastasis potential and prognosis of endometrial cancer.It provides a new approach for gene or drug therapy targeting the markers of ?-catenin and EMT. |
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