The Development Of Nationalism In The Late Qing Dynasty Under The Influence Of Yixia Distinction

In the late Qing Dynasty,China set off a vigorous ideological trend of nationalism.The birth of the Nationalism in the late Qing Dynasty was based on two basic factors.One is the deepening of national crisis which we consider it as the realistic factor,the other is the theoretical factor which include the Western nationalist theory,the theory of natural rights and the theory of traditional Chinese Yixia distinction.The nationalism in the late Qing Dynasty is something originated in the traditional Yixia distinction but different from it's source.The traditional Yixia distinction contains two kinds of elements which are racial and cultural,thus it provides the ideological basis for the ethnic nationalism and the cultural nationalism in the late Qing Dynasty.The influence of Yixia distinction on the ethnic nationalism in the late Qing Dynasty was mainly manifested in two aspects.Firstly,the worship of the yellow emperor and the Anti-Manchuism;Secondly,the national hero worship.In the aspect of the cultural nationalism,the difference between of Yi(?)and Xia(?)is mainly through its cultural division.On the one hand Yixia distinction means culture distinction,on the other hand it also means cultural fusion.The encapsulation and the openness of Yixia distinction make the ethnic nationalism and the culture nationalism in the late Qing Dynasty also show these similar features.However,the ultimate pursuit of the traditional Yixia distinction is to make Hua(?)and Yi(?)into one family and the harmony of the world,though Yixia distinction provide the ideological basis for the ethnic nationalism and the cultural nationalism in the late Qing Dynasty,it make the ethnic and the national idea melt in the cultural concept,thus it's hard to give birth to the political nationalism in the late Qing Dynasty.This hindered the development of nationalism in late Qing Dynasty and also delayed the progress of Chinese modernization.Corresponding to this,the political nationalism which characterized by the national-building is a new breakthrough of the traditional recognition.From the perspective of the Yixia distinction,the nationalism in the late Qing Dynasty was constructed in the dialectical process of the interaction between the past and the present.