The Study Of The Eunuch Zhang Yong In The Ming Dynasty

Comparing the Chinese eunuch system between Ming Dynasty and others,it's an important change that the group of eunuchs influenced more in politics.The eunuchs were servants of the emperor,they didn't join in the politics at all.However,the Ming Dynasty was special.The eunuches could always assistant the emperor to handle political problems,with the permission and guidance from the emperor,as the henchman of the emperor.When it comes special that the emperor's power was limited by his ministers,eunuchs would be the behalf of the emperor,battled with those ministers.Therefore,the eunuchs became more and more importand in politics at that time.As a study of Zhang Yong,it`s also important to note that his relationship with other political forces.Zhang Yong`s political influence was most active in Zheng De period.He was a close eunuch of Emperor Wuzong,a friend of Yang Yiqing and some other ministers;an important administrator of daily-life in imperial palace,and a military commander to pacity rebellions.He was one of “Eight wicked eunuchs”,but he made an alliance with Yang Yiqing to do away with Liu Jin.Zhang Yong,as a close eunuch of the emperor,was able to participate in many important events of the dynasty,and played a different political role.Through Zhang Yong's whole life,to study with his relations with the inner and outer officials,and the different political figures in the past periods,we can know more clearly about the true features of the political situation in the Zheng De period.Based on Zhang Yong's political experience in Zheng De period,this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of Zhang Yong's relationship and a complete study of Zhang Yong`s character.The first chapter introduces the eunuch system of Ming dynasty and Zhang Yong's whole life.Although Zhu Yuanzhang,the first emperor of the Ming dynasty,banned eunuchs from politics.The following emperors recommend eunuchs to participate in the political affairs.The polical position of eunuchs began to change.And they were able to master the power of war and sending memorials,even make decisions in place of the emperor.Zhang Yong came into the palace when Emperor Wuzong was in power.He lived through four periods: the Cheng Hua,Hong Zhi,Zheng De and Jia Jing,He was appointed as the leader eunuch of imperial affairs department at the beginning of the Zheng De period,and repeatedly rated soldiers to northwest border to suppress rebellions,pacifid Prince An Hua`s insurgency,catched Liu Jin,pacified Prince Ning`s insurgency successively,as the emperor's confidant ennuch.The second chapter studies Zhang Yong`s relationships between the imperial powers,such as Zhang Yong and Emporer Wu Zong,Zhang Yong and other eunuchs,Emporer Wu Zong's attitude toward the eunuchs to analysis the relationships between the eunuchs and the emperor,the eunuch power and the imperial power.In the third chapter,the writer studies in Zhang Yong`s relationships with external ministers,basing on the analysis of civilian group's attitude toward the eunuch group in Zheng De period,to summarize Zhang Yong with Yang Yiqing,Wang Shouren,and other relationships.On this basis of combing Zhang Yong`s communities,analysising the communication trend of eunuchs and ministers in middle period of Ming Dynasty.The fourth chapter studies eunuchs` characters in the Ming dynasty,making a try to restore the Ming dynasty eunuchs` real image and give them an objective evaluation by using the clue that in different periods,different position of the person,Zhang Yong`s diffierent images how to evaluate.And make a sure to avoid original solid rigid evaluation of eunuchs in Ming Dynasty.