The Impact Of Unsuccessful Retrieval Attempts On Maintain And Transfer Of Declarative Knowledge

Retrieval practice as an effective learning method has been supported by numerous studies in the promotion of learning.Subsequent studies have found that even if mistakes are made in the retrieval practice,learning can be promoted,thus opening up unsuccessful retrieval attempts?Since most of the experimental materials used are word-pairs or general problems,the research objects that unsuccessful retrieval attempts studies focus on declarative knowledge,especially factual knowledge,and rarely examine the impact of unsuccessful retrieval attempts on conceptual knowledge.In addition,previous studies mostly examined the effects of unsuccessful retrieval attempts on knowledge maintain,seldom on the role of unsuccessful retrieval attempts in knowledge transfer.This study takes the research of conceptual knowledge as the entry point,and through the way of operation feedback and the number of unsuccessful retrieval attempts,examines the influence of unsuccessful retrieval attempts on the maintain and transfer of factual knowledge and conceptual knowledge.This study designed three experiments to examine the impact of unsuccessful retrieval attempts on the learning of factual knowledge and conceptual knowledge.The first experiment tried to feedback method after unsuccessful retrieval attempts,and investigated three kinds of learning methods: scaffold feedback,standard feedback,and repeated learning.The impact of maintaining the two types of knowledge;In order to distinguish between the number of attempted extractions and the effect of the feedback method itself on learning,Experiment 2 adds a standard feedback after unsuccessful retrieval attempts third group,and examines the effect of repeated retrieval times and feedback methods on knowledge retention.The third experiment changed the final test quiz title,will change the title to transfer questions,including the facts of the type of recent transfer and concept category far transfer issues,examine the number of unsuccessful retrieval attempts and feedback on the impact of knowledge transfer.This study obtained the following conclusions through three experiments.1.The learning method of presenting scaffolding feedback after unsuccessful retrieval attempts can promote the learning of declarative knowledge.Its promotion function exists in both factual knowledge and conceptual knowledge,and attempts topresent the scaffolding feedback method afterunsuccessful retrieval attempts not only promote the maintenance of declarative knowledge,Also facilitated the transfer of declarative knowledge.2.When the standard feedback afterunsuccessful retrieval attemptst three times,it can promote the learning of declarative knowledge.Its promotion function exists in both factual knowledge and conceptual knowledge.Repeated attempts to unsuccessful retrieval attempts t not only promote the maintenance of declarative knowledge,but also promote the transfer of declarative knowledge.3.Conceptual knowledge is not a boundary condition that unsuccessful retrieval attempts to promote learning.unsuccessful retrieval attempts is an effective way to promote declarative knowledge.