| After the second Opium War,by relying on the asylum of the unequal treaties,the Christian churches in the West have extended their preaching tentacles to North China and the hinterland of China,and Women's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal church joined the ranks.Women's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal church is the second women Mission group and it's one of the most independent mission mission groups.The establishment of WFMS is to start overseas missionary activity,WFMS sent many female missionaries to preach,China is one of the most important mission field.WFMS cameto China in 1871 and carried out it's female missionary in North China.Before 1939,Center around Girl's Protestant Mission Schools and Women's Protestant Mission Hospitals,WFMS carried out a serious of missionary work in North China.The foreign women missionaries have high education and high culture,their behavior had an important influence on the local women,especially female students trained in the church school,their feminism consciousness became increasingly prominent,at the same time,at the help of WFMS,they actively participate in social affairs and became new era church professional women.In order to assist the christian mission work,WFMS carried out a series of educational and medical work,The Isabella Fisher Hospital,Peking Mary Porter Gamewell School for Girls and Tianjin McTyeire School are most famous.As a comprehensive modern women's hospital,proved treatment for women and children,not only brought clinic treminology diagnosis and treatment,but also created a good medical treatment environment for Chinese women.The women medical missionaries who came to China early with superb medical skill and noble moral character,they had both spirtual and physical salvation for chinese women,and set a new model for chinese women.Many chinese women received medical treatment education and engaged in the occupation under the influence,the chinese women gained professional life and independent economic status.They got rid of the status of being a man's vassal and became a professional women.In this respect,female missionaries played the double role of healer and educationer.This part of chinese women obtained independece,actively participate in social relief activities,break through the scope of traditional family,they can fulfill the responsibility of the state and had become models for women,they also stimulate the awakeness of chinese women.Peking Mary Porter Gamewell School for Girls and Tianjin McTyeire School are the most important school in North China.As Churchy middle school for girls,which have both similarities and difference.Peking Mary Porter Gamewell School for Girls is the first female missionary school in North China.lt is a typical case of educational missionary work,it attached great importance to religious education,and actually formed a gospel communication network centered on women's school.But it also set many general knowledge courses and teached students the practical knowledge that can be foothold in the society.Most importantly,in the management study and life of school,it entered the western modern female characteristics—piety,purity,obedience,family,through studying and organizing various campus activities to consolidate the qualities,these measures helped them become indepent women.Tianjin McTyeire School is second high school for girls,as same as Peking Mary Porter Gamewell School for Girls,it played an important role in the western conpect of women and feminism enlightenment,but the cultivation of Tianjin McTyeire School embodied contradictionary aspects,on the one hand,the girls in Tianjin McTyeire School is meek and chaste,have fair maiden temperament and everybody style,but on the other hand,the knowledges make them obtain the means of living and occupation life,had given birth to a female enlightment,the knowledge make the get rid of the male dependency status to a certain extent,reflected the chinese and western culture side mode contradiction.But the two schools' girls had intercommunities,the girls are not all christians,but most of them become the city middle class,and become new era church professional women.They worked with devotion,reflecting a group humble colors,they had the independent personality,had consciousness of citizens in politics,but they are not extreme in patriotic expression,especially in 1920s,in the face of chinese rising tide of patriotism and nationalism,their patriotic expression are not extreme,reflected their conservativeness.WFMS teached christianicy and spreaded christian idea of gender,which advocats the christian view of gender,which advocates the christian view of gender and chinese tractional gender view has some similarities,but they are different,WFMS training target is Christian housewife,actually American middle-class housewife,so that they can be served with sensitive parenting responsibilities,after achieving the target,the school also cultivate many female occupation church.In general,whether the Isabella Fisher Hospital or the two girls'school,they both promoted the awakening of female self-consciousness,it changed chinese women's own social role and realize the role of role,expanded women's living space and it opened a crack in the patriarchal society in the late Qing dynasty.It should be pointed out that the Christian gender view advocated by the WFMS is similar to the traditional Chinese gender view,but there are also essential differences.The equality between men and women advocated by Christianity is based on the peaceful gender view ofmen and women on the basis of Christian meaning.This gender concept,although it shows certain progressiveness at the time,it is also very clear.Its main purpose is to cultivate the female believers and to establish a Christian family in China to influence the Chinese society.This vivid religious intention forms a tension relationship with the secularization trend of the mainstream of the women's Liberation Movement in China at that time,and naturally weakens its impact and significance. |
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