On The Concept Of "De" In Jin Wen Shang Shu

In "Jin Wen Shang Shu","De" was a relatively important political connotation.In addition to the fake "Gu Wen Shang Shu",the word "De " had appeared 114 times in "Gu Wen Shang Shu".From the opening of "Shang Shu","Ke Ming Junde" in the book of Yao Dian,to "Ke Shen Ming De" in the end of "Wen Hou Zhi Ming" at the end of the book,it could be said that the concept of "De" has always been throughout the whole of the book of Shang Shu.In " Jin Wen Shang Shu ",it can be determined that there are two meanings of the "De" concept: "have a virtue" and "rule method." From the "Nine De" of "Gao Yaomo",it is concluded that "De" is an affirmation of a person's way of doing things,and those who are apt to deal with "or strong","or soft",or "righteousness" can be called "having a virtue".Another meaning derived from the “three De” in “Hongfan” is the monarch's “ruling method”.Specifically,the monarchs use the “ruop” to govern the communal society,use the “strongt” to manage the riots,and use the “righteousness” to govern the society between custom and violence.Whether the monarch can use the "having people" has a decisive influence on politics.From Zhou Gong's warning to Cheng Wang,the reason for the death of the desecration of the prostitutes and the deceased was that he did not appoint “virtuals” when he was granted official positions,and he chose some people who acted tyrannically to be officials.These tyrannical people did things that endangered the people.The commentary on “Ke Ming Jun De” was full of controversy between Tang and Song Dynasties.Through research,it was considered that “Ke Ming Jun De” was referring to the appointment of “a virtuous man” at the time of distress.In ancient times,the emperor assessed the local princes and evaluated the results three times.Fang Bo's bow and arrow and axe can maintain political order,which has a decisive influence on the rise of Yin Zhou.Scholars of the 20 th century such as Wang Guowei,Guo Moruo,and Hou Wailu both considered that from the different perspectives,there was no concept of “De” before the Zhou Dynasty.By examining the views of the three gentlemen,it is not clear that the concept of "De" was founded in the Zhou Dynasty.In " Jin Wen Shang Shu " the concept of "Virtue" is consistent.