| Objective: In many studies about the intervention on anxiety of college students,the trait anxiety is only an indicator of the variation of anxiety,and there is no specific intervention on trait anxiety.However,biofeedback relaxation training can alter both the physiological state and mental state.With the help of psychological assessment scales and physiological indexes,we can assess the influence of biofeedback relaxation training to the changes both in physiology and psychology.Thus,we can conclude an intervention model which can alleviate the inclination of trait anxiety and anxiety and improve the mental health of college students.Methods: To obtain the total healthy stat of college students,380 clinical major students were randomly selected and received the State Trait Anxiety Scale(STAI),Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Symptom Check List(SCL-90)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS).Then thirty-four subjects with trait anxiety score greater than46,and without mental illness history and relaxation training history were filtrated.Then the subjects were randomized into intervention group(17 students)and control group(17 students).The intervention group received eight times Biofeedback relaxation training,while the control group received simulated biofeedback relaxation training(without feedback standard,music and tips,other conditions are the same with the intervention group).To study the effect of intervention training on trait anxiety of medical freshmen,we recorded the changes of heart rate,HRV,skin temperature on the fingertip,brain waves and other physiological indexes during the training sessions.After eight times training sessions,SCL-90,SDS,SDS and STAI were used again to perform post-test.Two mouths after the training terminated,both the intervention group and control group received Trait anxiety questionnaire to check the stability ofintervention.Results:(1)The level of trait anxiety,anxiety,depression,mental health and their factors on medical freshmen were not significantly different between the two variables(sex and only child)(p>0.05).(2)Medical freshmen' trait anxiety level,SAS score,SDS score and SCL-90 score were higher than the norms of chinese youth.(3)Trait anxiety has a significant positive correlation with SAS score(r=0.239,p<0.05),SDS score(r= 0.148,p<0.05),SCL-90 score(r=0.180,p<0.05),and coercion(r=0.166,p<0.05),interpersonal sensitivity(r=0.165,p<0.05),depression(r=0.175,p<0.05),anxiety(r=0.204,p<0.05),hostility(r=0.173,p<0.05),paranoid(r=0.158,p<0.05),psychosis(r=0.231,p<0.01)and other factors in SCL-90(r=0.148,p<0.05).(4)After eight times training sessions,the following post-test results of the intervention group were significant lower than pre-test results: trait anxiety(t=6.929,p<0.001),state anxiety(t=5.405,p<0.001),SDS score(t=11.258,p<0.001),SAS score(t=8.494,p<0.001),SCL-90 score(t=9.200,p<0.001),and somatization(t=3.104,p<0.01),coercion(t=10.302,p<0.001),interpersonal sensitivity(t=5.661,p<0.001),depression(t=5.734,p<0.001),anxiety(t=7.021,p<0.001),hostility(t=3.607,p<0.01),horror(t=4.518,p<0.001),paranoid(r=0.158,p<0.05),psychosis(r=0.231,p<0.01)and other factors(t=6.483,p<0.001)in SCL-90.The following post-test results of the control group were significant lower than pre-test results: state anxiety(t=4.832,p<0.001),SDS(t=5.871,p<0.001),SAS(t=5.081,p<0.001),SCL-90 score(t=5.030,p<0.05),and somatization(t=3.104,p<0.01),coercion(t=3.587,p<0.01),interpersonal sensitivity(t=4.275,p<0.01),depression(t=4.116,p<0.01),anxiety(t=4.343,p<0.01),hostility(t=4.333,p<0.01),horror(t=4.202,p<0.01),paranoid(t=3.813,p<0.01),psychosis(t=3.723,p<0.01)and other factors(t=4.317,p<0.01)in SCL-90.While the trait anxiety(t=1.944,p>0.05)of the control group between the pre-test and pre-test have no difference.(5)Compared the post-test results of intervention group with these of the control group,the trait anxiety level(t=-2.878,p<0.01),SAS score(t=-3.090,p<0.01),SDS score(t=-2.197,p<0.05)and SCL-90 score(t=-2.706,p<0.01),the coercive(t=-4.986,p<0.001),anxiety factor(t=-3.184,p<0.01)of SCL-90 of the intervention group were significant lower than those of the control group.The difference between pretest and post-test in trait anxiety level of intervention group was significant higher(t=3.865,p<0.01)than that of the control group.(6)Traced the trait anxiety of the intervention group and the control group after two months.The results showed that the tracing trait anxiety level of intervention group was significant lower than that of the control group(t=-3.631,p<0.01),and the tracing and post-test trait anxiety level keep the same in both groups.(7)After eight times training sessions,in the intervention group,the skin temperature on the fingertip increased significantly(t=-3.739,p<0.01),the heart rate variability(t=4.514,p<0.001),the heart rate(t=2.337,p<0.05),? wave-amplitude(t=3.777,p<0.01),? wave-amplitude(t=3.877,p<0.01),? wave-amplitude(t=2.561,p<0.01),SMR wave-amplitude(t=2.255,p<0.01)and Gamma wave amplitude(t=2.551,p<0.05)of right brain decreased significantly.While in the control group,the heart rate variability(t=3.329,p<0.01),? wave-amplitude of right brain(t=4.659,p<0.001),left brain's ? wave amplitude(t=2.848,p<0.05)decreased significantly.(8)After eight times training sessions,the relative physiological indexes of the two groups were compared.The results showed that the skin temperature on the fingertip(t=3.646,p<0.01)and ? wave-amplitude of right brain(t=0.287,p<0.05)of the intervention group were significantly higher than that of the control group.While the heart rate variability was significantly lower(t=-2.149,p<0.01)than that of the control group.Conclusions:(1)Medical freshmen's trait anxiety level,SAS score,SDS score,SCL-90 score and most of the factors in SCL-90 are higher than general population,which shows medical freshmen have worse mental health.The trait anxiety level of medical freshmenshows positive correlation with SAS score,SDS score,SCL-90 score and most of the factors in SCL-90.The freshmen with higher trait anxiety level have a larger possibility to experience negative emotions like anxiety and depression.One has a worse phychological healthy level,if he or she has higher trait anxiety level.(2)After the biofeedback relaxation training,the trait anxiety level,state anxiety level,SDS score,SAS score,SCL-90 score and the factors in SCL-90 of medical freshmen decreased significantly,and the phychological state of medical freshmen improved significantly.Proved that the biofeedback relaxation training can reduce the trait anxiety,anxiety level and drepression level effectively,and can improve the mental health of students(3)Two mouths after the biofeedback relaxation training,the effect of the intervention to trait anxiety can maintain.(4)With the help of biofeedback relaxation training,medical freshman's heart rate variability,heart rate,and ? wave-amplitude,? wave-amplitude,? wave-amplitude,SMR wave-amplitude and Gamma wave amplitude of right brain can significantly decrease,while the skin temperature on fingertip would significantly increase.Heart rate variability of the intervention group is significantly lower than that of the control group,? wave-amplitude of left brain and skin temperature on fingertip are significantly higher than these of control group.Proved that the biofeedback relaxation training is benefit to relaxation of autonomic nervous system and can optimize brain's activities. |
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