Study On The Urban Form Of Zheng-Han Gucheng

Zheng-Han Gucheng was a very important capital city of various states during the Eastern Zhou dynasty,it is located at the intersection of Shuangji river and Huangshui river in Xinzheng today.Since the 1920 s,a series of archaeological works have been carried out in Zheng-Han Gucheng,Academia has made a series of research achievements in urban layout、defense system、handicraft industry、tombs and so on.Based on the archaeological materials and historical documents of Zheng-Han Gucheng,this article studies the problems of the Initial period of Zheng-Han Gucheng and the evolution of urban form from the angle of archaeology and urban form,and compares the research achievements with various capitals during the Eastern Zhou dynasty.The main research points are as follows:First,According to records put down in literature,the social and historical background of the late Western Zhou dynasty was analyzed,it is believed that the political center of gravity began to move eastward to the central china,the east migration of the people of Zheng was also carried out in this context.Through the research of the early historical documents of the state of Zheng,author believes that the death of Zhenghuangong in the traditional documents is a kind of distorted view.The historical fact should be that Zhenghuangong led the people of Zheng east to the state of Kuai and developed their power at the end of Western Zhou dynasty,To wipe out the state of Kuai and establish a foothold in today’s Xinzheng,This period is the settlement stage before it officially became the capital of Zheng.Second,it summarize that military defense system、the gate and the road、 etiquette remains、handicraft industry and tombs in the existing archaeological materials in Zheng-Han Gucheng,each element has different significance to the formation of the urban form of Zheng-Han Gucheng.Thirdly,integrate the changes of the five urban form elements of Zheng-Han Gucheng,it is thought to be divided into three stages: the first stage is the settlement stage,and the initial time is roughly the same as that Zhenghuangong wiped out the state of Kuai.The lower limit of this stage is the period when Zhengwugong officially became the eastern vassal.The second stage is the rapid expansion of the capital,this stage began from Zhengwugong period,about the end of Wengong period,Zheng-Han Gucheng officially became the capital of a state at this stage,Urban space expands rapidly to north and west on the basis of original settlement.The third stage is the transformation stage,which began in the middle of the Spring and Autumn period when Wengong’s lived and ended in the late Warring states period.At this stage,Zheng-Han Gucheng changed from a single wall to west imperial city and east outer city.Fourth,by comparing Zheng-Han Gucheng with various capitals of Eastern Zhou period,it is thought that the form of west imperial city and east outer city is both special and universal,and Its particularity lies in the evolution of Zheng-Han Gucheng from settlement to single city,with the complications of the social environment and the constant strife of the states,Zheng-Han Gucheng has evolved into an irregular city just like ox horn.Through the comparative study of the Eastern Zhou dynasty,it is believed that the states in this period are very dependent on natural factors such as rivers,and the large area traffic factor also has certain influence on urban location selection.In addition,various capitals of Eastern Zhou period has experienced the evolution from the form of single wall to the form of inner and outer city wall.