Haber-mas’ Criticism And Reconstruction Of Rationality

The Rationality runs through the history of human development from beginning to end,and exists in every corner of Chinese and Western culture.From the original and potential natural rational consciousness to the germination of mythical rationality of human civilization,from the simple cosmological rationality in early Greece to the “logoic”rationality in ancient Greek philosophy,from the ontological rationality in ancient times to the cognitive rationality in modern times,from the abstract rationality of the consciousness philosophy to the anti-rationality in modern times and the irrationality in post-modern times,the rationality has experienced the twists and turns of development,and it has a flourishing moment of glory in modern times.But it is facing a crisis of division and disintegration eventually.On the one hand,at the beginning of the ancient Greek "Nous"(Nous),the rationality has metaphysical characteristics.It is not just to be regarded as being attributed to"Oneness" and the original rationality that is the creation of all things.It is also treated as the "dominant" and supreme cognitive reason.It is seen as a priori rationality hat transcends history and reality,meanwhile,it is counted as the rationality of the other side shore which“within expected but not within reach”.It is the monologue rationality that is centered on a certain subject,and it is the subject rationality which have the right to dominate other objects besides itself.All of this causes that modern rationality to fall into the quagmire of centralism and "difficult to extricate themselves ”.On the other hand,from the birth of Plato’s "rational" reason,the internal contradiction of the mind of the object is emerging,and it became the eternal problem of the philosophy of consciousness.The reason tend to support the thinking rationality from Descartes’ thought that”Cogito,ergo sum”,so as to dissociate from the edge to the reality in the objective life world.It would be either inclined to the will rationality of Kant’s "thing-in-itself",which leads to the irreconcilable conflict between knowledge and the "things in themselves".Either it is partial to the absolute rationality of Hegel’s"unity of subject and object spirit",and thus becomes an a kind of prejudice that deviates from the reality and objective things,which is not reflected by people.This rational model within the “ master-guest ” category has led to the separation of subject and object,the segregation of spirit and material,the break of theory and practice.For this reason,Haber-mas has always cherished rationality in his life.He focuses on the dilemma of modern rationality,and analyzes the dislocation development of subject rationality with dialectical rational thinking mode,and bridges the gap between subject and object.Based on the fissures of modern rationality,an interactive two-way communication paradigm is used to replace the one-dimensional category of consciousness philosophy,so as to realize the true unity of mind and body.Focusing on the absence of metaphysical rationality,the general use of pragmatics is the carrier of communication,and the post-metaphysical paradigm of inter—subjectivity is constructed in real life.Haber-mas criticizes rationality in reflection,reconstructs rationality in criticism,and develops rationality in reconstruction.He analyzed the alienation of Enlightenment rationality and re enlightenment science strength,in order to promote the progress of human society.He reconstructed the communication paradigm of inter-subjectivity through criticizing the logo-centrism of transcendental rationality reason.He criticized the subjectivity crisis caused by instrumental rationality,and recreated the interactive model of universal pragmatics.By censuring the narrow and extreme development of practical rationality,he recreated a communication background of the life world.By refuting the indiscriminate spread of irrational-ism,the rational concept of communication rationality is reconstituted.The communicative reason has realized the comprehensive construction of the rationality in the contemporary era.On the big platform of the life world,the participants can express their views voluntarily and freely with the help of language.On the basis of the reasonableness of the procedure,we reached a consensus on something through negotiation and exchange.This consensus is not an indelible theory of eternity,but a fault-tolerant knowledge which is inclusive and open and can be developed with time and space.The reconstruction of communicative reason alleviated the crisis of modern rationality,and ended the subject-object model of subject philosophy,and created a communicative paradigm of the modern rationality.It has positively contributed to the development of politics,economy,society,and ecology in later generations.It also exists some problems that cannot be solved by themselves.So we should stand at the standpoint of Marxist philosophy,and sublet it dialectic-ally.At the same time,we should affirm and carry forward the communication paradigm of communicative rationality and the interactive mode of the inter-subjectivity.What is more,we should also dialectic-allyexamine its reconstruction theory of historical materialism that replaced labor with exchanges and replaced production with language,and rationally grasp its communicative rationality.Not only that,we should also make a complementary study from the perspective of Chinese philosophy.From the perspective of the harmony culture that contains the thought of "unity of heaven and man" and "benevolence and love all things",etc,we should face the core ideas of communicative rationality which include the thinking of "dialogue and communication" and "you and I together".It will highlights the Chinese context of the existence of communicative rationality,and then reveals the dimensions and possibilities of the integration of Chinese and western philosophy.