A Study Of The Young Turks Revolution

Since the 19 th century,the Ottoman Empire has been declining.The conflicts between ethnic groups and religions are intertwined,it has become the "sick man of Western Asia" seen by the European powers.The introduction of Western ideas of democracy and freedom,the tyranny of Sultan,the centrifugal tendency of the ethnic minorities within the Empire,and the wave of nationalism by non-Muslims have contributed to the crisis of the late Ottoman Empire.Under such circumstances,the Young Turks inherited the constitutional tradition of the Young Ottomans,rapidly developed and expanded the Young Turks Revolution,overthrew Hamid II's authoritarian rule,and established a constitutional government.The Young Turks Revolution contains the dual connotations of democracy and nationalism,the restoration of the constitutional system and the resistance of Western powers constitute the basic goal of the Young Turks Revolution.The political practice of Young Turks after the revolution,which has far-reaching influence on the regional and global order.This article tries to take the Young Turks Revolution as a case study to explore the bourgeois revolutionary process and its effects in the post-modernization countries.The full text is divided into three parts.The first part is the introuduction part,mainly expounding the main basis for the topic of the thesis,domestic and foreign research status,theoretical and practical significance,research methods and innovation.The second part is the body part of thesis,including three chapters.The first chapter mainly analyzes the historical foundation and establishment process of the Young Turks.The constitutional ideology and practice of the Young Ottomans provided a theoretical premise for the Young Turks.The authoritarian rule of Hamid II prompted the Young Turks to emerge.In 1889,the Ottoman Union Society established by the students of the Istanbul Military Medical University was the embryonic form of the Young Turks.The Committee of union and progress,which includes various political forces,is the core of the Young Turks.The Young Turks showed a hierarchy of cellular structures,and the factional divergence also contained the danger of internal division,which had a major impact on the post-revolutionary Young regime in Turkey.The second chapter mainly expounds the outbreak of the Young Turks revolution in 1908 and the process of peaceful rebellion in 1909.Under the increasingly severe domestic situation,the Young Turks launched a revolution to overthrow Hamid II's authoritarian rule,established a constitutional monarchy government,and amend the 1876 Constitution to save the national crisis and the decline of the empire.However,due to the opposition of conservative forces,the centrifugal tendencies of the military and the division within the Young Turks,the 1909 rebellion broke out in the end.The suppression of the rebellion by the Young Turks lays the foundation for its power behind the scenes.The third chapter mainly analyzes the historical influence of the Young Turks Revolution on Young Turks dictatorship,the change of dominant ideology and the international situation of the Ottoman Empire.The Young Turks Revolution achieved a fundamental change in the traditional political system of the Ottoman Empire,the establishment of a constitutional monarchy,secularized reform and development,and the definition of the rights of ethnic minorities,which made it a distinctive feature of the modern political system.However,the high dependency of the Young Turks on soldiers and the reliance on Germany have laid a stipulation for the establishment of military dictatorship and involvement in the war.The rise of the Turkish national consciousness and the weakening of pan-Islamism provide the preconditions for the establishment of a national system of modern Middle East nations.The third part is the conclusion part,mainly expounding the historical contribution and failure of the Young Turks Revolution.The Young Turks Revolution was an important part of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution of the Asian peoples at the beginning of the 20 th century,it promoted the national awakening of the Turks;however,the Young Turks Revolution did not complete the historical mission of the bourgeois revolution and transformed the Ottoman Empire into a modern nation.The Young Turks Revolution influenced the historical direction of the Ottoman Empire and had a far-reaching influence on the establishment of Modern Middle East political order and the choice of a modern model.