Moral Theory Of Freud

Freud's Psychoanalysis theory is not only a systematic psychological theory,but also contains a system of moral theory.It not only has the significant of innovation in that field of psychology,but also poses a strong challenge to the fundamental preconceptions and conclusion of normative ethics.The main purpose of this paper is to expound the moral theory of Freud and analyze its challenge to normative ethics.Freud's moral theory mainly includes the new interpretation of the origin of morality,the analysis of the status and role of morality in the life of the individual,and the analysis of the statu and role of morality in the general civilized life.In terms of the origin of morality,the freudian regarded totem taboo as the original form of human morality.He used the method of psychoanalysis and compared the totem worship phenomenon with the clinical findings of psychological treatment.It is believed that the totem taboo,that is,the original moral form comes from the human's ambivalence,which is rooted in the universal Oedipus complex,which has the origin of biology and anthropology.Freud's analysis of the status and role of morality in individual spiritual life is essentially an analysis of individual personality structure.He believed that the structure of personality consists of three parts: id,ego and superego.The superego is the internalized morality,the role of morality in individual mental life is achieved through the superego,ego and the complexity of my interactions,and the moral anxiety and the guilt is derived from this interaction.In addition,Freud believed that the Oedipus complex also played an important role in the evolution of the individual's origin and development or the intrenalization of morality.In the later works,Freud also analyzed the status and role of morality in ordinary civilized life deeply.Freud understood civilization as the sum of all the norms and achievements of human beings in the process of fighting natural disasters andmediation,and morality constitutes the core and foundation of civilization.His basic point of view is that civilized life is at the expense of suppressing instinctual desires,it gives a common neurosis,and the basic problem of the human life is to establish a new balance between ethics and instinct.Freud's theory of moral poses a challenge to normative ethics.Taking Aristotle's virtue ethics as an example,we can see that Freud's views on human nature deeply impact the presupposition of Aristotle's ethics,his views on practical reason and its role,and then challenge the establishment of his moral and concepts of happiness profoundly.In the case of Kant's deontology ethics,we can see that Freud's views on reason and freedom also has a profound impact on the two related fundamental presuppositions of Kant's deontological theory,namely the freedom of will and the trust of the normative role of rationality.And his profound analysis of the essence and role of morality based on empirical standpoint also challenge Kant's view on the nature and role of morality based on the transcendental position.Freud's moral theory and its profound challenges to normative ethics makes it occupy a unique and important position in the history of ethics,and the response of normative ethics to these challenges will also promote its own transformation and development.