The Environmental Archaeological Study On The Distribution Of The Palaeolithic Sites In The Southeastern Part Of Northeastern China Via Geographic Information System(GIS)

The southeastern part of northeastern China abounds in archaeological sites of Paleolithic Period,which is of high academic value.Based on these archaeological sites and relative data,the regional archaeological study taking GIS technology as main analytical methods is still scarce.The corresponding technology research and application are less.Therefore,the author tries to analyze the climate,vegetation,topography,soil and other factors of Paleolithic site selection in the southeastern part of the northeast through GIS technology,and then explored the interaction between ancient humans and the environment in the area of the Paleolithic era and understood the relationship between man and land in different periods.This study is helpful to environmental archaeological research on interaction between natural environment and man in Northeastern China.Besides,it can also enrich the GIS archaeological practice cases,integrating data and information from different sites to establish a relatively scientific database.All in all,it promotes the application of GIS in environmental archaeology.This study is on basis of the basic theories of environmental archaeology,collecting and organizing the analysis of large number of paleolithic sites,with the help of professional technical means and field reconnaissance,focusing on climate,landform in the southeastern panhandle part of northeastern China of paleolithic period.Analyzing the spatial distribution of paleolithic sites,this study shows the background of ancient environment,having a better understanding of the adaptability to the changing ancient environment.This study takes the spatial distribution of sites in the southeastern part of northeastern China as the research object,and mainly uses the tool kinetic energy of GIS technology.First,it introduces the basic environmental conditions of the study area and briefly reviews the research status of relevant scholars at home and abroad.Second,the complete Paleolithic era was divided into three successive phases: early,middle,and late.A comprehensive study of the paleoenvironment,digital terrain,spatial superposition,and spatial morphology of the archaeological site space distribution at each stage was conducted.The characteristics of the site distribution and the relationship between man and nature were comprehensively grasped at each stage.Finally,a brief summary of the results of this study is made and the deficiencies in the study are proposed.The studies have shown that in the southeastern region of Northeast China,humans often choose to live in low-altitude hills and hills near rivers.These locations are open,easy to observe,suitable for hunting or avoiding animal damage,and are also convenient for domestic water use.In addition,the rock types in the area where the site is located are diverse,making it easy to draw materials on site,and rich in raw stone materials.All these indicate that at that time,humans would consider a lot of geographical and environmental factors in the selection of sites.During the long period of the Paleolithic Age,the Climate-driven environment in the southeastern part of the northeast have undergone great changes.From the climate point of view,it has generally undergone changes of “warm-cold-cool-cold”.The number of sites has continued to increase,and the scope of distribution has continued to expand.This indicates that humans' adaptability to nature has increased at that time.This can be seen from the assemblages of stone tools.In the early Paleolithic period,Stone tools were mostly medium and large,and rough.In the late stage,composite stone tools such as micro-stone tools are being used more and more,and are more exquisite.