A Study Of The Famine Policy In The Middle And Late Period Of The Ming Dynasty

During the development of ancient China's famine relief to the Ming Dynasty,a complete system of famine relief has been formed,from pre-disaster preparations—preparatory positions,to responses to disaster relief,and finally to the reconstruction of famine.The new development of the famine management ideology of the Ming Dynasty,the manifestation of policies and measures,the policy of“first and foremost",the establishment of reserve positions,and the emergence of a large number of waste management documents.In the Ming Dynasty,the group of writers of the desolate political literature,most of them had experience in disaster relief when they were officials.The literature on the desolate government was not only numerous but also of high quality.In the middle and late period of the Ming Dynasty,the famine ideology was based on Lin Xiyuan's“Relief of the Wasteland" as an example.On the basis of summarizing the experiences of former peasants in famine relief,according to their own practice of famine relief in Zhangzhou,they wrote the words“Less more than enough,to make up for less”.Famine relief began to pay attention to the non-governmental forces and used the wealth of private wealthy households to save the economy and reduce the government's fiscal expenditure.At the same time,LinXiyuan's "difficulties in getting people" and "difficulty in reviewing households" have also become the primary problems for many disaster relief.Responsible for differentiating relief between the victims,so that the rich families to help the poor,in order to achieve the timeliness and effectiveness of disaster relief.Use severe punishment to prevent illegal activities in disaster relief.With regard to the post-disaster reconstruction work,it is necessary to protect the cattle and grains so as to ensure the implementation of the spring plowing and the construction of public works to protect the lives of the victims.The new development of the famine in the middle and late Ming Dynasty not only attached importance to the participation of non-governmental forces in famine relief,exhorted the wealthy businessmen to donate money to donate food for economic disasters,but also put forward many measures to solve the famine,such as the occurrence of famine,according to the needs of commodity economic development.In the region,while not underpricing,traders are allowed to trade,and prices are adjusted through the rules of the commodity economy.Lin Xiyuan's Wasteland Consensus has a great influence on the famine ideology in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.From Zhou Kongjiao to Chen Longzheng,disaster relief has paid more attention to the participation of non-governmental forces and exhorted wealthy businessmen to donate money to donate food to save the country.At the same time,with the development of commodity economy and disaster relief,we also use market rules to regulate prices,and a reflection of the famine relief of the Ming Dynasty.In the Ming Dynasty,scholar-bureaucrats not only actively participated in disaster relief,but also became the main organizers of disaster relief during the late Ming Dynasty.With the weakening of the functions of the government at the end of the Ming Dynasty,scholar-bureaucrats gradually became the main force of disaster relief and gradually shouldered the burden of saving the social crisis.There are still many institutional difficulties in the implementation of famine relief,but the famine ideology in the middle and late Ming Dynasty still has many references for today's famine relief.