A Study On England King's Financial Borrowing Problems From The Late 15th Century To The Mid-17th Century

During the period from the late 15th century to the middle of the 17th century the British King had to take all sorts of measures to make up for the fiscal gap due to the continued emergence of fiscal deficits.Financial borrowing was one of those measures.The financial borrowing problems of the British King,which involve both the borrower and the borrowing methods and touch upon both the source of the borrowing and the influence of the borrowing simultaneously,are extremely complicated and confused in the mass.Based on the analysis of the financial background of the King of England,this article focuses on the systematic exploration of the domestic and foreign sources of Borrowing and its borrowing methods,this article focuses on a systematic study of the domestic and foreign sources of Borrowing loans and their borrowing methods,and a more in-depth analysis of the influence of the King Borrowing.In this period,the British King's financial borrowings mainly had two sources.The one source was domestic.In the historical period before 1544 and after the end of the 1660s,domestic borrowings constituted the main source of British King's financial borrowings.Most of the creditors are religious and secular subjects,especially businessmen,merchants and other wealthy subjects.The other was foreign such as Antwerp financial market,which was the king's financial borrowing between 1544 and the end of the 1560s.Creditors,who mainly came from Germanic and others,were the financial family such as the Fugger family.In addition to the introduction and conclusion herein,the body part is mainly composed of four chapters.The preface mainly includes four parts.The first part explained the reasons for the topic of this article.The second part reviews the current research situation of domestic and foreign scholars on the financial borrowing of the King of England from the late 15th century to the middle of the 17th century and introduces the literature based on the research of this article at the same time.The third part makes clear the study's theory and method in this paper.The last part briefly describes the key points and difficulties of this paper.The first chapter mainly analyzes the financial background of the King of England from the late 15th century to the middle of the 17th century.During this period,King's fiscal revenue includes normal income and abnormal income.Normal income consists of royal income,customs revenue,and feudal privileged income.Irregular income includes the plunder of church property,donations,and new direct taxes such as subsidies.The financial expenditures mainly include military expenditures,royal construction disbursements,royal living expenses,and administrative outlays.The first part focuses on the study of the king's source of income;the second part aims to analyze the period,military expenditure,construction costs,royal living expenses and administrative business expenses caused great financial pressure on the king.The second chapter is is to discuss the status of the early collection of domestic debt in the Tudor Kingdom and the Stuart dynasty from the late 15th century to the middle of the 17th century.Using the interest of borrowing as an indicator,this period will be divided into interest-free borrowing and interest-bearing borrowing.The first part is based on the king's domestic interest-free borrowing as the center to discuss.It mainly discusses its origin and the fact that the British King used forced borrowing to increase his fiscal revenue during this period.The second part revolves around the interest-bearing borrowings of the British King and mainly discusses the domestic interest-bearing borrowings of the Kings that began during the Elizabethan period.The third chapter focuses on the king's foreign borrowing after the 15th century from the perspective of the overseas sources of borrowing,borrowing parties,loan agents,and the foreign exchange of British king's foreign debt.During this period,Antwerp ' s financial market was the main source of British King's overseas borrowing.The king needed to rely on royal loan agents to shuttle back and forth between Britain and the European continent,especially Antwerp,to make loans and repay loans.The first section analyzes the overseas loan conditions of Ying Wang from the perspectives of why Antwerp became the primary source of borrowing,the ability of overseas borrowers to borrow,and the necessity and function of royal loan agents.The second part mainly discusses the royal loan agent's Wang raised funds for overseas borrowing activities.The fourth chapter is based on the analysis of the background,methods,sources and objects of the British King's financial borrowing from the late 15th century to the middle of the 17th century.The first part is based on King's important fiscal expenditures,focusing on the analysis of the important role of financial borrowing in alleviating the financial pressures of the King of England.The second part is based on the relationship between the merchants and the king's fiscal borrowings from the late 15th century to the middle of the 17th century,and elaborates the impact of fiscal borrowing on the UK economy such as business and finance.The Conclusion Department of this paper aims to summarize and summarize the research on the financial borrowing of the King of England from the late 15th century to the mid-17th century.