A Study On Sentence-completing Elements Of Adjective-predicated Sentences In Chinese

This paper takes sentence-completing elements(SCE)of adjective-predicated sentences as the object of investigation.On the basic of wildly collecting dialectal materials,we have a comprehensive analysis and description on SCE of adjective-predicated sentences.Under investigation,we find the existence of SCE has universal significance.SCE has many similarities between mandarin and dialect.According to the statistical analysis and comparative analysis,we have given the classifiable explanation and carried on the deep discussion about SCE.This paper is divided into five parts.The first part introduces the research status and research progress of SCE and adjective-predicated sentences.Guided by the Three-dimensional Grammatical Theory,we have discussed the meaning of sentence-completion and SCE.Sentence-completion is a sentence which comply with the rules of syntax,semantics and pragmatic.SCE is an element which can complete an incomplete sentence.The scope of the study includes dynamic sentences,declarative sentences and simple sentences.The second part makes classified research on SCE of adjective-predicated sentences.From a macro view,SCE is classified into five sentence-completing categories:capacity category,body category,negative category,semantic category and modal category.SCE of adjective-predicated sentences depends on the types of adjectives.Adjectives have six types,and they are in the continual series that pass from bounded temporally to unbounded temporally and freedom to non-freedom.The third part deals with SCE of adjective-predicated sentences by the statistical analysis.Sentence-completing function of SCE has a hierarchy,by calculating the occurrence frequency,we find the degree adverbs,negative adverbs and particles are the most common SCE.Sentence-completing function of the degree adverbs,negative adverbs and particles is far ahead of the other SCE.So,we think that the degree adverbs,negative adverbs and particles are typical SCE,and the rest are atypical SCE.The fourth part deals with SCE of adjective-predicated sentences by the comparative analysis.From a typological point of view,we compare the mandarin with dialect.In attributive adjective-predicated sentences of dialect,the degree adverbs,negative adverbs and particles are still very typical,especially the degree adverbs.In state adjective-predicated sentences of dialect,the requirements of "de"are even more distinct.State adjectives can't be used as predicates alone,it must be coupled with SCE.The fifth part deals with SCE of adjective-predicated sentences from the perspective of function and cognition.The existence of SCE relates to the boundary of subjects,the boundary of predicates,syllabic prosody and writing style,especially the boundary of subjects.When a subject contains an overt element which symbolizes boundary,SCE is not required any more.It all depend on cognitive mechanisms exist in human mind.By the above five parts,this paper gives an overall description of SCE of adjective-predicated sentences.The existence of SCE has universal significance.different categories of adjectives use different SCE.Adjectives in the position of predicate are not free,dialects provide the most compelling evidence.