Study On Monk Official System In The Yuan Dynasty

Based on the system of monk officials in the Yuan Dynasty,which includes the establishment and evolution of central and local government organs,as well as personnel composition and evolution,the paper mainly discussed the establishment of system of monk officials in the Yuan Dynasty,the dual-track system and characteristics of monk officials.With a vast territory,Tubo became an administrative region under the central government of the Yuan Dynasty,an organizational system different from previous system of monk officials was established,the central government established Zongzhi Bureau,Buddhism Commanding Organization(?????),Bureau of Buddhism and Tibetan Affairs(???)and Department for Buddhists(????),the local government established corresponding Bureau of Buddhism and Tibetan Affairs and various Buddhism Commanding Organizations to work with corresponding monk-managing governmental body,together with Adiaphoristic Commanding Office(?????),Monk Dhyana-recording Office(?????),Buddhism Worship Office(???)and other institutions adopted in a special time,a government system with grade and rank,monk and layman was formed.After Tibetan Buddhism gradually became the official religion of the Yuan Dynasty,a unique system of Imperial Preceptor System appeared.The emperor's utmost worship and special historical conditions had resulted in differences between the Han and the Tibetan authorities.Therefore,this paper will respectively analyze the system of monk officials of the Han and the Tibet,and discuss the institutions,settings and policies of the two systems to draw the outline of the system of monk officials in the Yuan Dynasty.This paper is divided into four chapters.Firstly,the paper discussed the background of the system of monk officials in the Yuan Dynasty,including the evolution of system of monk officials in the past,the development of the Buddhism worship in the Yuan Dynasty and the needs of rulers.Secondly,the paper tried to explore the establishment,evolution and characteristics of the central system of monk officials in the Yuan Dynasty to complete previous studies.Thirdly,based on the system of Imperial Preceptor System,the paper discussed the local system of monk officials in the Yuan Dynasty on the basis of historical characteristics,the establishment and management of monk-managing government,personnel composition and temple jungle system of the Han and Tibetan areas were discussed to clarify the situation from central government to local government and temples.Finally,according to the effect of system of monk officials on the unity of Tibet,the influence of which on the political system and economy in the Yuan Dynasty,the paper summarized the cultural development and objectively concluded the influence of the system of monk officials in the Yuan Dynasty.