Russian Satirical Magazines In 1905-1907 And The Image Of Nicholas ?'s Government In Them

At the beginning of 20 th century in Russia,the social contradictions have been continuously intensified,with the peasant and the working class at the core of the issue,and various thoughts are surging.When the revolution broke out in 1905,Nicholas II promulgated “Manifesto” and canceled the censorship temporarily under the pressure.Various schools of thought and political groups in Russia started to establish journals to promote their ideas.It is at this critical period of great changes in the social culture that the Russian satirical magazine ushered in its third period of prosperity.The Russian satirical magazine of 1905-1907 brought together many well-known writers and artists at that time to participate in the creation.Not only was it a very precious historical material,it also had considerable literary and artistic research value.Nicholas II and his government were the most important satirical objects at that time.Their images in the satirical magazines are perfect examples for studying satirical technique and direct expression of the gradual decline of the Russian imperial power and the collapse of the Tsarism tradition.Meanwhile,in the perspective of culture,the thriving of satirical magazines during this historical period is also inextricably linked with the Russian cultural traditions.This phenomenon not merely inherited and extended the satirical tradition of Russian culture,in which laughter can be a kind of weapon,but also had a great influence on the development of the Russian satire art.