The Study On The Influencing Factors Of Preschool Children's Selective Trust In Moral Dilemma

Selective trust means that individuals can distinguish information provided by different informants according to their knowledge reserves in different situations,and selectively choose to trust the information provided by trusted information providers.In the early days,it was found that the familiarity of the information providers,the accuracy of the testimony,and the mastery of professional knowledge in the knowledge clues influence the children's selection of information.However,the factors influencing the selective trust ability of young c hildren are not only knowledge clues.The trustworthiness and familiarity of information providers in the field of social clues,as well as the information providers' moral intent and moral valence also have the impact on selective trust of young children.In view of the fact that the predecessors have only studied the influence of the information provider's moral intent and moral valence on the selective trust of young children in the moral field,this study selected the social clues of moral dilemma to examine the impact on young children's selective trust ability.The study adopts the story context experiment method and the “pretest-posttest” research paradigm to comprehensively examine the characteristics of selective trust development of preschool children and the interaction influence of cognitive and emotional factors on children's selective trust in the dilemma of morality.Experiment 1 randomly selected 105 3-5 year-old children as research subjects to examine the developmental characteristics of children's selective trust ability in the dilemma of morality,and the interactive influence of the cognitive level in cognitive factors and the emotional intensity in emotional factors on the young children's selective trust ability.The results show that(1)in the moral dilemmas,3-5-year-old children can judge the information based on the clues,there is a clear age difference in the development of children's selective trust ability,3-year-old children tend to choose to trust the behavior of self-interested dolls and there are significant differences between 4-year-old and 5-year-old children.The difference between 4-year-old and 5-year-old children is not obvious,and both of them are biased towards trusting altruistic dolls.(2)The level of cognition influences the children's selective trust judgment.Under the high cognition level,children's self-interest judgments of selective trust are significantly more than in low cognition levels.(3)Although the emotional intensity does not directly affect the children's selective trust judgment,the interaction with the cognitive level is significant.The concrete manifestation is that the higher the cognitive level is in the low emotional intensity context,the more self-interest judgments of selective trust children make.Under the low cognitive level,the higher the emotional intensity is,the less the child's judgment of self-interest make.Experiment 2 based on the first experiment,90 young children aged 3-5 years were randomly selected as the study object to investigate the developmental characteristics of the children's selective trust ability in the dilemma of morality,and the interactive influence o f the cognitive level in cognitive factors and emotion valence in emotional factors on the selective trust of young children.The results show that(1)emotional valence affects children's selective trust,and under the influence of negative emotions,children make more self-interest judgments than positive emotions.(2)The interaction between cognitive level and emotional valence is significant.Under the high cognitive level,compared with the influence of positive emotions,the selective trust of young children under the influence of negative emotions makes more self-interest judgments.Under the positive emotion,the self-interest judgment of children's selective trust in low cognitive level is obviously higher than that of high cognitive level.Both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 show that(1)C hildren aged 3-5 years can make selective trust judgments in a moral dilemma,and with the age increase children are biased toward the choice of trust altruism.(2)There is a significant difference between children's selective trust judgment and direct moral judgment.C hildren show that they tend to choose self-interest judgment in direct moral judgment and tend to choose altruistic judgment in selective trust judgment.